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Approach to Father Involvement through Socio-Demographic Variables and Gender Perspective

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 39 - 58, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1344238

Öz

This study was conducted to interpret potential sociodemographic antecedents of father involvement from a gender perspective. Information about family and employment status variables, levels of father involvement (and sub-dimensions) and attitudes towards gender were obtained from fathers (n= 377) who have children in the 5-6 age group. Analysis were performed with independent t-test and ANOVA. According to the findings, the relevancy and affection scores of the fathers may be affected by the gender of the child; the arbitrary engagement dimension score may decrease when the child's birth order increases; the relevancy and affection scores of the fathers who do not have any expectations about the gender of the child are high; the increase in the education level of the fathers may be related to the egalitarian attitude and the level of father involvement, separately. Besides, the work status of the father might affect some of the involvement dimensions, but the level of earnings did not. It has been received that fathers with high egalitarianism scores are married to women who are more educated and earn more; fathers who are married to spouses who earn more are more participatory in different dimensions. When the findings were speculated, it was found that father involvement may be related to the gender and number of children, and that it was affected by the working status of the parents; it can be said that the variables related to the mother may affect the involvement of the father in many sub-dimensions. When these variables were compared with fathers' attitudes towards gender, it was concluded that egalitarian fathers had fewer children, were more involved in different dimensions, and were married to women with higher education. Finally, it has been discussed that fathers' preferences for the person they will marry may be related to fathers' attitudes towards gender equality, and that mothers' working life may lead fathers to involve. Another assumption is that men who have a more egalitarian approach and can participate more may be chosen by women.

Kaynakça

  • Arendell, T. (1996). Co-Parenting: A Review of the Literature. In National Center on Fathers and Families. Retreived from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED454975.pdf in 11.06.2023.
  • Arslan, Z. G. and Demircioğlu, H. (2023). The impact of fathers’ gender perspectives and involvement on children’s resilience. Early Child Development and Care, 193(3), 417-431.
  • Ataca, B. (2009). Turkish family structure and functioning. Perspectives on human development, family, and culture, 108-125.
  • Bakioğlu, F. ve Türküm, A. S. (2019). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 27(2), 717-725.
  • Baruch, G. K. and Barnett, R. C. (1981). Fathers' participation in the care of their preschool children. Sex Roles, 7(10), 1043-1055.
  • Beitel, A. H. and Parke, R. D. (1998). Paternal involvement in infancy: The role of maternal and paternal attitudes. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(2), 268.
  • Belsky, J. (1979). The interrelation of parental and spousal behavior during infancy in traditional nuclear families: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 749-755.
  • Bilaloğlu, R. G. ve Arnas, Y. A. (2019). Okul öncesi eğitimde aile katılımı engelleri ve süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(3), 804-823.
  • Bonney, J. F., Kelley, M. L. and Levant, R. F. (1999). A model of fathers' behavioral involvement in child care in dual-earner families. Journal of family psychology, 13(3), 401.
  • Bouchard, G., Lee, C. M., Asgary, V. ve Pelletier, L. (2007). Fathers’ motivation for involvement with their children: A self-determination theory perspective. Fathering, 5, 25–41.
  • Cabrera, N., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S. and Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty‐first century. Child development, 71(1), 127-136.
  • Cannon, E. A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Brown, G. L. and Sokolowski, M. S. (2008). Parent characteristics as antecedents of maternal gatekeeping and fathering behavior. Family Process, 47, 501–519.
  • Carlson, M. J. (2006). Family structure, father involvement, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Journal of marriage and family, 68(1), 137-154.
  • Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S. and Ballarotto, G. (2014). Mother–child and father–child interaction with their 24‐month‐old children during feeding, considering paternal involvement and the child's temperament in a community sample. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(5), 473-481.
  • Churchill, B. and Craig, L. (2022). Men’s and women’s changing attitudes towards fatherhood and working fathers in Australia. Current Sociology, 70(6), 943-963.
  • Clark, S., McGrane, A., Boyle, N., Joksimovic, N., Burke, L., Rock, N. and O’Sullivan, K. (2021). “You’re a teacher you’re a mother, you’re a worker”: Gender inequality during COVID‐19 in Ireland. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(4), 1352-1362.
  • Coley, R. L. and Hernandez, D. C. (2006). Predictors of paternal involvement for resident and nonresident low-income fathers. Developmental psychology, 42(6), 1041.
  • Craig, L. and Churchill, B. (2021a). Dual‐earner parent couples’ work and care during COVID‐19. Gender, Work & Organization, 28, 66-79.
  • Craig, L. and Churchill, B. (2021b). Working and caring at home: Gender differences in the effects of COVID-19 on paid and unpaid labor in Australia. Feminist economics, 27(1-2), 310-326.
  • Del Boca, D., Oggero, N., Profeta, P., Rossi, M. C. and Villosio, C. (2021). Women’s Working Behavior and Household Division of Labor During the two Waves of COVID-19 in Italy. Clear Report.
  • Deutsch, F. M. (2001). Equally shared parenting. Current directions in psychological science, 10(1), 25-28.
  • Ericksen, J. A., Yancey, W. L. and Ericksen, E. P. (1979). The division of family roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 301-313.
  • Erickson, R. J. and Gecas, V. (1991). Social class and fatherhood. Fatherhood and families in cultural context, 114-137.
  • Fagan, C. (2010). Men’s involvement in non-traditional family roles and social care jobs. External report commissioned by and presented to the EU Directorate-General Employment and Social Affairs, Unit G1’Equality between women and men’. Manchester: European Work and Employment Research Centre.
  • Fagan, J. and Barnett, M. (2003). The relationship between maternal gatekeeping, paternal competence, mothers' attitudes about the father role, and father involvement. Journal of family issues, 24(8), 1020-1043.
  • Flouri, E. and Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of father involvement in children's later mental health. Journal of adolescence, 26(1), 63-78.
  • Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N. and Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 962-976.
  • García-Cueto, E., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas-Molleda, C., López-Cepero, J., Paíno-Quesada, S. and Rodríguez-Franco, L. (2015). Development of the gender role attitudes scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International journal of clinical and health psychology, 15(1), 61-68.
  • Gerson, K. (1993). No Man's Land: Men's Changing Commitments to Family and Work. Basic Books.
  • Giele, J. Z., & Holst, E. (2003). 1. New life patterns and changing gender roles. Advances in Life Course Research, 8, 3-22.
  • Gorvine, B. J. (2010). Head start fathers’ involvement with their children. Journal of Family Issues, 31(1), 90-112.
  • Izci, B. and Jones, I. (2021). An exploratory study of Turkish fathers’ involvement in the lives of their preschool aged children. Early Years, 41(2-3), 248-261.
  • Juhari, R., Yaacob, S. N. and Talib, M. A. (2013). Father involvement among Malay muslims in Malaysia. Journal of Family Issues, 34(2), 208-227.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. and Ataca, B. (2005). Value of children and family change: A three‐decade portrait from Turkey. Applied psychology, 54(3), 317-337.
  • King, V., Harris, K. M. and Heard, H. E. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity in nonresident father involvement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1-21.
  • Kuo, P. X., Volling, B. L. and Gonzalez, R. (2018). Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child. Psychology of men & masculinity, 19(2), 243.
  • Lamb, M. E. (2000). The history of research on father involvement: An overview. Marriage & family review, 29(2-3), 23-42.
  • Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H. and Levine, J. A. (1985). The role of the father in child development: The effects of increased paternal involvement. Advances in clinical child psychology, 229-266.
  • Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H., Charnov, E. L. and Levine, J. A. (1987). A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. Parenting across the life span: Biosocial dimensions, 111-142.
  • Lindberg, L. D., Kost, K. and Maddow‐Zimet, I. (2017). The role of men's childbearing intentions in father involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(1), 44-59.
  • Major, B. (1993). Gender, entitlement, and the distribution of family labor. Journal of Social Issues, 49(3), 141-159.
  • McGill, B. S. (2014). Navigating new norms of involved fatherhood: Employment, fathering attitudes, and father involvement. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1089-1106.
  • Norman, H., Elliot, M. and Fagan, C. (2014). Which fathers are the most involved in taking care of their toddlers in the UK? An investigation of the predictors of paternal involvement. Community, Work & Family, 17(2), 163-180.
  • Offer, S., & Kaplan, D. (2021). The “new father” between ideals and practices: New masculinity ideology, gender role attitudes, and fathers’ involvement in childcare. Social problems, 68(4), 986-1009.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2007). Challenges to modeling dynamics in developing a developmental understanding of father-child relationships. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 190-195.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2012). Involved fathering and child development: Advancing our understanding of good fathering. In Handbook of father involvement (pp. 134-155). Routledge.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2019). Expanding our focus from father involvement to father–child relationship quality. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 11(4), 576-591.
  • Pekel-Uludağlı, N. (2019). Are uninvolved fathers really incompetent and unsatisfied? Testing the mediator role of father involvement from fathers’ perspectives. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 538-551.
  • Perkins, S. (2018). Involving fathers in early childhood programs (Master’s thesis). University of Delaware.
  • Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (3rd ed., pp. 67-103). New York: John Wiley.
  • Pleck, J.H. and Masciadrelli, B.P. (2004). Paternal involvement by U.S. residential fathers: Levels, sources, and consequences. In M.E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed., pp.222–271). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Puhlman, D. J., & Pasley, K. (2013). Rethinking maternal gatekeeping. Journal of family theory & review, 5(3), 176-193.
  • Russell, A. and Saebel, J. (1997). Mother–son, mother–daughter, father–son, and father–daughter: Are they distinct relationships? Developmental review, 17(2), 111-147.
  • Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J. ve Fagan, J. (2020). The evolution of fathering research in the 21st century: Persistent challenges, new directions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 175-197.
  • Shandra, C. L., Hogan, D. P., & Spearin, C. E. (2008). Parenting a child with a disability: An examination of resident and non-resident fathers. Journal of Population Research, 25, 357-377.
  • Sımsıkı, H. ve Şendil, G. (2014). Baba katılım ölçeği'nin (BAKÖ) geliştirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(49), 104-123.
  • Sweeting, H., Bhaskar, A., Benzeval, M., Popham, F., & Hunt, K. (2014). Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49, 791-809.
  • Thompson, L. and Walker, A. J. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work, and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 845-871.
  • Uludağlı, N. P. (2017). Baba katılımında etkili faktörler ve baba katılımının baba, anne ve çocuk açısından yararları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(39), 70-88.
  • Volling, B. L. and Belsky, J. (1991). Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 461-474.
  • Yeung, W. J., Sandberg, J. F., Davis‐Kean, P. E. and Hofferth, S. L. (2001). Children's time with fathers in intact families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 136-154.

Baba Katılımına Sosyodemografik Değişkenler ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifi Üzerinden Yaklaşım

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 39 - 58, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1344238

Öz

Bu çalışma baba katılımının potansiyel sosyodemografik öncüllerinin toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden yorumlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. 5-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan babalardan (n= 377) anket yoluyla, aile ve çalışma durumu değişkenleri, baba katılımı (ve alt boyutlarının) düzeyleri ve toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik tutumları hakkında bilgi alınmıştır. Analizler bağımsız t testi ve ANOVA ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının çocuğun cinsiyetinden etkilenebildiği, çocuk doğum sırası arttığında keyfi meşguliyet boyutu puanının düşebildiği, çocuğun cinsiyetine dair beklentisi olmayan babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının yüksek olduğu, babaların eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi ile eşitlikçi tutumun ve baba katılım düzeyinin ayrı ayrı ilişkili olabileceği görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, çalışma durumunun baba katılım boyutlarından bazılarını etkileyebileceği, ancak kazanç düzeyinin etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Eşitlikçilik puanları yüksek olan babaların daha eğitimli ve daha çok kazanan kadınlarla evli olduğu; daha çok kazanan eşlerle evli olan babaların farklı boyutlarda daha katılımcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular yorumlandığında, baba katılımının çocuk cinsiyeti ve sayısı ile ilişkili olabileceği, anne-baba çalışma durumlarından etkilendiği; anneye dair değişkenlerin birçok alt boyutta baba katılımını etkiliyor olabileceği söylenebilmektedir. Bu değişkenler babaların toplumsal cinsiyete dair tutumu ile karşılaştırıldığında, eşitlikçi babaların daha az çocuk yaptığı, farklı alanlarda daha çok katılım gösterdiği ve daha yüksek eğitimli kadınlarla evli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, babaların evlenecekleri kişiye yönelik tercihlerinin, temelde babaların cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik tutumlarıyla ilgili olabileceği, annelerin çalışma hayatlarının babaları katılıma yönlendiriyor olabileceği tartışılmıştır. Üretilen bir diğer varsayım ise, daha eşitlikçi yaklaşıma sahip olup daha çok katılım gösterebilecek erkeklerin, kadınlar tarafından seçilebiliyor olduğuna yöneliktir.

Kaynakça

  • Arendell, T. (1996). Co-Parenting: A Review of the Literature. In National Center on Fathers and Families. Retreived from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED454975.pdf in 11.06.2023.
  • Arslan, Z. G. and Demircioğlu, H. (2023). The impact of fathers’ gender perspectives and involvement on children’s resilience. Early Child Development and Care, 193(3), 417-431.
  • Ataca, B. (2009). Turkish family structure and functioning. Perspectives on human development, family, and culture, 108-125.
  • Bakioğlu, F. ve Türküm, A. S. (2019). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 27(2), 717-725.
  • Baruch, G. K. and Barnett, R. C. (1981). Fathers' participation in the care of their preschool children. Sex Roles, 7(10), 1043-1055.
  • Beitel, A. H. and Parke, R. D. (1998). Paternal involvement in infancy: The role of maternal and paternal attitudes. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(2), 268.
  • Belsky, J. (1979). The interrelation of parental and spousal behavior during infancy in traditional nuclear families: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 749-755.
  • Bilaloğlu, R. G. ve Arnas, Y. A. (2019). Okul öncesi eğitimde aile katılımı engelleri ve süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(3), 804-823.
  • Bonney, J. F., Kelley, M. L. and Levant, R. F. (1999). A model of fathers' behavioral involvement in child care in dual-earner families. Journal of family psychology, 13(3), 401.
  • Bouchard, G., Lee, C. M., Asgary, V. ve Pelletier, L. (2007). Fathers’ motivation for involvement with their children: A self-determination theory perspective. Fathering, 5, 25–41.
  • Cabrera, N., Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S. and Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty‐first century. Child development, 71(1), 127-136.
  • Cannon, E. A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Brown, G. L. and Sokolowski, M. S. (2008). Parent characteristics as antecedents of maternal gatekeeping and fathering behavior. Family Process, 47, 501–519.
  • Carlson, M. J. (2006). Family structure, father involvement, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Journal of marriage and family, 68(1), 137-154.
  • Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S. and Ballarotto, G. (2014). Mother–child and father–child interaction with their 24‐month‐old children during feeding, considering paternal involvement and the child's temperament in a community sample. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(5), 473-481.
  • Churchill, B. and Craig, L. (2022). Men’s and women’s changing attitudes towards fatherhood and working fathers in Australia. Current Sociology, 70(6), 943-963.
  • Clark, S., McGrane, A., Boyle, N., Joksimovic, N., Burke, L., Rock, N. and O’Sullivan, K. (2021). “You’re a teacher you’re a mother, you’re a worker”: Gender inequality during COVID‐19 in Ireland. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(4), 1352-1362.
  • Coley, R. L. and Hernandez, D. C. (2006). Predictors of paternal involvement for resident and nonresident low-income fathers. Developmental psychology, 42(6), 1041.
  • Craig, L. and Churchill, B. (2021a). Dual‐earner parent couples’ work and care during COVID‐19. Gender, Work & Organization, 28, 66-79.
  • Craig, L. and Churchill, B. (2021b). Working and caring at home: Gender differences in the effects of COVID-19 on paid and unpaid labor in Australia. Feminist economics, 27(1-2), 310-326.
  • Del Boca, D., Oggero, N., Profeta, P., Rossi, M. C. and Villosio, C. (2021). Women’s Working Behavior and Household Division of Labor During the two Waves of COVID-19 in Italy. Clear Report.
  • Deutsch, F. M. (2001). Equally shared parenting. Current directions in psychological science, 10(1), 25-28.
  • Ericksen, J. A., Yancey, W. L. and Ericksen, E. P. (1979). The division of family roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 301-313.
  • Erickson, R. J. and Gecas, V. (1991). Social class and fatherhood. Fatherhood and families in cultural context, 114-137.
  • Fagan, C. (2010). Men’s involvement in non-traditional family roles and social care jobs. External report commissioned by and presented to the EU Directorate-General Employment and Social Affairs, Unit G1’Equality between women and men’. Manchester: European Work and Employment Research Centre.
  • Fagan, J. and Barnett, M. (2003). The relationship between maternal gatekeeping, paternal competence, mothers' attitudes about the father role, and father involvement. Journal of family issues, 24(8), 1020-1043.
  • Flouri, E. and Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of father involvement in children's later mental health. Journal of adolescence, 26(1), 63-78.
  • Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N. and Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 962-976.
  • García-Cueto, E., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas-Molleda, C., López-Cepero, J., Paíno-Quesada, S. and Rodríguez-Franco, L. (2015). Development of the gender role attitudes scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International journal of clinical and health psychology, 15(1), 61-68.
  • Gerson, K. (1993). No Man's Land: Men's Changing Commitments to Family and Work. Basic Books.
  • Giele, J. Z., & Holst, E. (2003). 1. New life patterns and changing gender roles. Advances in Life Course Research, 8, 3-22.
  • Gorvine, B. J. (2010). Head start fathers’ involvement with their children. Journal of Family Issues, 31(1), 90-112.
  • Izci, B. and Jones, I. (2021). An exploratory study of Turkish fathers’ involvement in the lives of their preschool aged children. Early Years, 41(2-3), 248-261.
  • Juhari, R., Yaacob, S. N. and Talib, M. A. (2013). Father involvement among Malay muslims in Malaysia. Journal of Family Issues, 34(2), 208-227.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. and Ataca, B. (2005). Value of children and family change: A three‐decade portrait from Turkey. Applied psychology, 54(3), 317-337.
  • King, V., Harris, K. M. and Heard, H. E. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity in nonresident father involvement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1-21.
  • Kuo, P. X., Volling, B. L. and Gonzalez, R. (2018). Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child. Psychology of men & masculinity, 19(2), 243.
  • Lamb, M. E. (2000). The history of research on father involvement: An overview. Marriage & family review, 29(2-3), 23-42.
  • Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H. and Levine, J. A. (1985). The role of the father in child development: The effects of increased paternal involvement. Advances in clinical child psychology, 229-266.
  • Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H., Charnov, E. L. and Levine, J. A. (1987). A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. Parenting across the life span: Biosocial dimensions, 111-142.
  • Lindberg, L. D., Kost, K. and Maddow‐Zimet, I. (2017). The role of men's childbearing intentions in father involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(1), 44-59.
  • Major, B. (1993). Gender, entitlement, and the distribution of family labor. Journal of Social Issues, 49(3), 141-159.
  • McGill, B. S. (2014). Navigating new norms of involved fatherhood: Employment, fathering attitudes, and father involvement. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1089-1106.
  • Norman, H., Elliot, M. and Fagan, C. (2014). Which fathers are the most involved in taking care of their toddlers in the UK? An investigation of the predictors of paternal involvement. Community, Work & Family, 17(2), 163-180.
  • Offer, S., & Kaplan, D. (2021). The “new father” between ideals and practices: New masculinity ideology, gender role attitudes, and fathers’ involvement in childcare. Social problems, 68(4), 986-1009.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2007). Challenges to modeling dynamics in developing a developmental understanding of father-child relationships. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 190-195.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2012). Involved fathering and child development: Advancing our understanding of good fathering. In Handbook of father involvement (pp. 134-155). Routledge.
  • Palkovitz, R. (2019). Expanding our focus from father involvement to father–child relationship quality. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 11(4), 576-591.
  • Pekel-Uludağlı, N. (2019). Are uninvolved fathers really incompetent and unsatisfied? Testing the mediator role of father involvement from fathers’ perspectives. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 538-551.
  • Perkins, S. (2018). Involving fathers in early childhood programs (Master’s thesis). University of Delaware.
  • Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (3rd ed., pp. 67-103). New York: John Wiley.
  • Pleck, J.H. and Masciadrelli, B.P. (2004). Paternal involvement by U.S. residential fathers: Levels, sources, and consequences. In M.E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed., pp.222–271). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Puhlman, D. J., & Pasley, K. (2013). Rethinking maternal gatekeeping. Journal of family theory & review, 5(3), 176-193.
  • Russell, A. and Saebel, J. (1997). Mother–son, mother–daughter, father–son, and father–daughter: Are they distinct relationships? Developmental review, 17(2), 111-147.
  • Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J. ve Fagan, J. (2020). The evolution of fathering research in the 21st century: Persistent challenges, new directions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 175-197.
  • Shandra, C. L., Hogan, D. P., & Spearin, C. E. (2008). Parenting a child with a disability: An examination of resident and non-resident fathers. Journal of Population Research, 25, 357-377.
  • Sımsıkı, H. ve Şendil, G. (2014). Baba katılım ölçeği'nin (BAKÖ) geliştirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(49), 104-123.
  • Sweeting, H., Bhaskar, A., Benzeval, M., Popham, F., & Hunt, K. (2014). Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49, 791-809.
  • Thompson, L. and Walker, A. J. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work, and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 845-871.
  • Uludağlı, N. P. (2017). Baba katılımında etkili faktörler ve baba katılımının baba, anne ve çocuk açısından yararları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(39), 70-88.
  • Volling, B. L. and Belsky, J. (1991). Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 461-474.
  • Yeung, W. J., Sandberg, J. F., Davis‐Kean, P. E. and Hofferth, S. L. (2001). Children's time with fathers in intact families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 136-154.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Aile Psikolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zülfiye Güzin Arslan 0000-0003-0236-6703

Haktan Demircioğlu 0000-0002-5092-1698

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, Z. G., & Demircioğlu, H. (2024). Baba Katılımına Sosyodemografik Değişkenler ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifi Üzerinden Yaklaşım. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1344238