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Yoğun Bakım Sonrası Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 06.06.2022

Abstract

Tüm dünyada uzayan yaşam süresi ve artan kronik hastalık insidansı yoğun bakım hasta popülasyonunda önemli bir artışa sebep olmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra bilim dünyasındaki hızlı gelişmeler ve tıbbi teknolojilerdeki yenilikler tedavi ve bakım süreçlerine olumlu yönde etki etmekte ve buna paralel olarak yoğun bakım ünitelerinden (YBÜ) taburculuk oranları da artmaktadır. Ancak uzun vadede taburculuk sonrası süreçlerde bireylerin yaşadığı sağlık sorunları da yadsınamaz düzeydedir. Yoğun bakım sonrası sendromu (YBSS), YBÜ’de yatış sırasında, YBÜ’den veya hastaneden taburcu olduktan sonra ortaya çıkan fiziksel, bilişsel ve mental bozuklukları ifade eden, aynı zamanda hasta bireyin ailesi veya yakınlarını etkileyen bir fenomendir. YBSS’nin önlenmesindeki en önemli faktörlerden biri YBÜ’deki hemşirelik bakımıdır. Bu sebeple derlememizde, YBSS etiyopatogenezi, risk faktörleri, belirti ve bulguları, önlenmesi ve hemşirelik yönetiminin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Smith S, Rahman O. Post Intensive Care Syndrome. (internette) 25.06.2020. Erişim: 27.10.2020 Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558964/
  • SCCM, Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, Publication Date: 2013. Erişim: 20.10.2021. Erişim adresi: Post-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) | SCCM
  • Hermans G, Van den Berghe G. Clinical review: intensive care unit acquired weakness. Crit Care 2015;19:274-282 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-0993-7
  • Yang T, Li Z, Jiang L, Wang Y, Xi X. Risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired weakness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;138(2):104-114. doi:10.1111/ane.12964
  • Lee M, Kang J, Jeong YJ. Risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care. 2020;33(3):287-294. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2019.10.004
  • Saccheri C, Morawiec E, Delemazure J, et al. ICU-acquired weakness, diaphragm dysfunction and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):1. doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0618-4
  • Rawal G, Yadav S, Kumar R. Post-intensive Care Syndrome: an Overview. J Transl Int Med. 2017;5(2):90-92. doi:10.1515/jtim-2016-0016
  • Fernandes A, Jaeger MS, Chudow M. Post-intensive care syndrome: A review of preventive strategies and follow-up care. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019;76(2):119-122. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxy009
  • Haines KJ, Hibbert E, McPeake J, et al. Prediction Models for Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Impairments After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(12):1871-1880. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004659
  • Wolters AE, Slooter AJ, van der Kooi AW, van Dijk D. Cognitive impairment after intensive care unit admission: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(3):376-386. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2784-9
  • Rengel KF, Hayhurst CJ, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Long-term Cognitive and Functional Impairments After Critical Illness. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):772-780. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004066
  • Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(2):185-186. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1313886
  • Zhao F, Yang J, Cui R. Effect of Hypoxic Injury in Mood Disorder. Neural Plast. 2017;2017:6986983. doi:10.1155/2017/6986983
  • Lee M, Kang J, Jeong YJ. Risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care. 2020;33(3):287-294. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2019.10.004
  • Petrinec A. Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Family Decision Makers of Long-term Acute Care Hospital Patients. Am J Crit Care. 2017;26(5):416-422. doi:10.4037/ajcc2017414
  • Petrinec AB, Martin BR. Post-intensive care syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life in family decision-makers of critically ill patients. Palliat Support Care. 2018;16(6):719-724. doi:10.1017/S1478951517001043
  • Cairns PL, Buck HG, Kip KE, Rodriguez CS, Liang Z, Munro CL. Stress Management Intervention to Prevent Post-Intensive Care Syndrome-Family in Patients' Spouses. Am J Crit Care. 2019;28(6):471-476. doi:10.4037/ajcc2019668
  • Griffiths J, Hatch RA, Bishop J, et al. An exploration of social and economic outcome and associated health-related quality of life after critical illness in general intensive care unit survivors: a 12-month follow-up study. Crit Care. 2013;17(3):R100. doi:10.1186/cc12745
  • Norman BC, Jackson JC, Graves JA, et al. Employment Outcomes After Critical Illness: An Analysis of the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in ICU Survivors Cohort. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):2003-2009. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001849
  • Manning JC, Pinto NP, Rennick JE, Colville G, Curley MAQ. Conceptualizing Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Children-The PICS-p Framework. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(4):298-300. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001476
  • Ekim A. The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Children. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs. 2020;43(1):15-21, DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2018.1520323
  • Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg. 2019;6(3):233-246. doi:10.1002/ams2.415
  • Colbenson GA, Johnson A, Wilson ME. Post-intensive care syndrome: impact, prevention, and management. Breathe (Sheff). 2019;15(2):98-101. doi:10.1183/20734735.0013-2019
  • Biehl M, Sese D. Post-intensive care syndrome and COVID-19 - Implications post pandemic Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc055. doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc055
  • Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(9):e825-e873. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003299
  • Chanques G, Constantin JM, Devlin JW, et al. Analgesia and sedation in patients with ARDS. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(12):2342-2356. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06307-9
  • Hermes C, Acevedo-Nuevo M, Berry A, Kjellgren T, Negro A, Massarotto P. Gaps in pain, agitation and delirium management in intensive care: Outputs from a nurse workshop. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018;48:52-60. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2018.01.008
  • Küçük L, Çömez İkican T. Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Psikososyal Sorunlar. İçinde: Enç N. Ed. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği. Birinci Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2021. ss. 457-466.
  • Aein F, Aliakbari F. Effectiveness of concept mapping and traditional linear nursing care plans on critical thinking skills in clinical pediatric nursing course. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;6:13. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_49_14
  • Çam F. İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliğinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;1(2): 85-101
  • Trogrlić Z, van der Jagt M, Bakker J, et al. A systematic review of implementation strategies for assessment, prevention, and management of ICU delirium and their effect on clinical outcomes. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):157. doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0886-9
  • Zhang L, Hu W, Cai Z, et al. Early mobilization of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223185. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223185
  • Lang JK, Paykel MS, Haines KJ, Hodgson CL. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Early Mobilization in the ICU: A Systematic Review. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(11):e1121-e1128. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004574
  • McAndrew NS, Mark L, Butler M. Timely Family Feedback to Guide Family Engagement in the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2020;40(6):42-51. doi:10.4037/ccn2020644
  • Goldfarb M, Bibas L, Burns K. Patient and Family Engagement in Care in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(7):1032-1040. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.037
  • Olding M, McMillan SE, Reeves S, Schmitt MH, Puntillo K, Kitto S. Patient and family involvement in adult critical and intensive care settings: a scoping review. Health Expect. 2016;19(6):1183-1202. doi:10.1111/hex.12402
  • Barreto BB, Luz M, Rios MNO, Lopes AA, Gusmao-Flores D. The impact of intensive care unit diaries on patients' and relatives' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):411. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2678-0
  • Galazzi A, Adamini I, Bazzano G, et al. Intensive care unit diaries to help bereaved family members in their grieving process: a systematic review [published online ahead of print, 2021 Aug 6]. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021;103121. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103121
  • Schofield R, Dibb B, Coles-Gale R, Jones CJ. The experience of relatives using intensive care diaries: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;119:103927. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103927

Post Intensive Care Syndrome and Nursing Management

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 18 - 26, 06.06.2022

Abstract

Prolonged life expectancy and increasing incidence of chronic diseases all over the world cause a significant increase in the intensive care patient population. In addition, rapid developments in the scientific world and innovative processes in medical technologies have a positive effect on treatment and care processes, and in parallel, discharge rates from intensive care units increase. However, in the long term, it is obvious that individuals experience some health problems during the post-discharge period. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a phenomenon that refers to physical, cognitive and mental disorders that occur during ICU stay, after discharge from ICU or hospital, and also affects the family or relatives of the patient. One of the most important factors in this process is nursing management. For this reason, our review aimed to explain PICS in all its aspect such as pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention and nursing management.

References

  • Smith S, Rahman O. Post Intensive Care Syndrome. (internette) 25.06.2020. Erişim: 27.10.2020 Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558964/
  • SCCM, Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, Publication Date: 2013. Erişim: 20.10.2021. Erişim adresi: Post-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) | SCCM
  • Hermans G, Van den Berghe G. Clinical review: intensive care unit acquired weakness. Crit Care 2015;19:274-282 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-0993-7
  • Yang T, Li Z, Jiang L, Wang Y, Xi X. Risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired weakness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;138(2):104-114. doi:10.1111/ane.12964
  • Lee M, Kang J, Jeong YJ. Risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care. 2020;33(3):287-294. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2019.10.004
  • Saccheri C, Morawiec E, Delemazure J, et al. ICU-acquired weakness, diaphragm dysfunction and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):1. doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0618-4
  • Rawal G, Yadav S, Kumar R. Post-intensive Care Syndrome: an Overview. J Transl Int Med. 2017;5(2):90-92. doi:10.1515/jtim-2016-0016
  • Fernandes A, Jaeger MS, Chudow M. Post-intensive care syndrome: A review of preventive strategies and follow-up care. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019;76(2):119-122. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxy009
  • Haines KJ, Hibbert E, McPeake J, et al. Prediction Models for Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Impairments After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(12):1871-1880. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004659
  • Wolters AE, Slooter AJ, van der Kooi AW, van Dijk D. Cognitive impairment after intensive care unit admission: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(3):376-386. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2784-9
  • Rengel KF, Hayhurst CJ, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Long-term Cognitive and Functional Impairments After Critical Illness. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):772-780. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004066
  • Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(2):185-186. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1313886
  • Zhao F, Yang J, Cui R. Effect of Hypoxic Injury in Mood Disorder. Neural Plast. 2017;2017:6986983. doi:10.1155/2017/6986983
  • Lee M, Kang J, Jeong YJ. Risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care. 2020;33(3):287-294. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2019.10.004
  • Petrinec A. Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Family Decision Makers of Long-term Acute Care Hospital Patients. Am J Crit Care. 2017;26(5):416-422. doi:10.4037/ajcc2017414
  • Petrinec AB, Martin BR. Post-intensive care syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life in family decision-makers of critically ill patients. Palliat Support Care. 2018;16(6):719-724. doi:10.1017/S1478951517001043
  • Cairns PL, Buck HG, Kip KE, Rodriguez CS, Liang Z, Munro CL. Stress Management Intervention to Prevent Post-Intensive Care Syndrome-Family in Patients' Spouses. Am J Crit Care. 2019;28(6):471-476. doi:10.4037/ajcc2019668
  • Griffiths J, Hatch RA, Bishop J, et al. An exploration of social and economic outcome and associated health-related quality of life after critical illness in general intensive care unit survivors: a 12-month follow-up study. Crit Care. 2013;17(3):R100. doi:10.1186/cc12745
  • Norman BC, Jackson JC, Graves JA, et al. Employment Outcomes After Critical Illness: An Analysis of the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in ICU Survivors Cohort. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):2003-2009. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001849
  • Manning JC, Pinto NP, Rennick JE, Colville G, Curley MAQ. Conceptualizing Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Children-The PICS-p Framework. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(4):298-300. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001476
  • Ekim A. The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Children. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs. 2020;43(1):15-21, DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2018.1520323
  • Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg. 2019;6(3):233-246. doi:10.1002/ams2.415
  • Colbenson GA, Johnson A, Wilson ME. Post-intensive care syndrome: impact, prevention, and management. Breathe (Sheff). 2019;15(2):98-101. doi:10.1183/20734735.0013-2019
  • Biehl M, Sese D. Post-intensive care syndrome and COVID-19 - Implications post pandemic Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc055. doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc055
  • Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(9):e825-e873. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003299
  • Chanques G, Constantin JM, Devlin JW, et al. Analgesia and sedation in patients with ARDS. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(12):2342-2356. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06307-9
  • Hermes C, Acevedo-Nuevo M, Berry A, Kjellgren T, Negro A, Massarotto P. Gaps in pain, agitation and delirium management in intensive care: Outputs from a nurse workshop. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018;48:52-60. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2018.01.008
  • Küçük L, Çömez İkican T. Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Psikososyal Sorunlar. İçinde: Enç N. Ed. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği. Birinci Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2021. ss. 457-466.
  • Aein F, Aliakbari F. Effectiveness of concept mapping and traditional linear nursing care plans on critical thinking skills in clinical pediatric nursing course. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;6:13. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_49_14
  • Çam F. İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliğinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;1(2): 85-101
  • Trogrlić Z, van der Jagt M, Bakker J, et al. A systematic review of implementation strategies for assessment, prevention, and management of ICU delirium and their effect on clinical outcomes. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):157. doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0886-9
  • Zhang L, Hu W, Cai Z, et al. Early mobilization of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223185. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223185
  • Lang JK, Paykel MS, Haines KJ, Hodgson CL. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Early Mobilization in the ICU: A Systematic Review. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(11):e1121-e1128. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004574
  • McAndrew NS, Mark L, Butler M. Timely Family Feedback to Guide Family Engagement in the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2020;40(6):42-51. doi:10.4037/ccn2020644
  • Goldfarb M, Bibas L, Burns K. Patient and Family Engagement in Care in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(7):1032-1040. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.037
  • Olding M, McMillan SE, Reeves S, Schmitt MH, Puntillo K, Kitto S. Patient and family involvement in adult critical and intensive care settings: a scoping review. Health Expect. 2016;19(6):1183-1202. doi:10.1111/hex.12402
  • Barreto BB, Luz M, Rios MNO, Lopes AA, Gusmao-Flores D. The impact of intensive care unit diaries on patients' and relatives' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):411. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2678-0
  • Galazzi A, Adamini I, Bazzano G, et al. Intensive care unit diaries to help bereaved family members in their grieving process: a systematic review [published online ahead of print, 2021 Aug 6]. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021;103121. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103121
  • Schofield R, Dibb B, Coles-Gale R, Jones CJ. The experience of relatives using intensive care diaries: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;119:103927. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103927
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Tuğba Yeni 0000-0002-4141-6681

Nuray Enç 0000-0002-2219-9124

Publication Date June 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

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Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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