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LIGHTING OF WORKING PLACES IN INSTITUTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES

Year 2019, Issue: 2, 185 - 204, 22.03.2019

Abstract

The purpose of
this study is to explain the lighting types and the main principles in
lightning to form an opinion in institutions. In addition, information is given
about the concepts of lighting control, reflection rate, light transmission,
anti-glare system and colour temperature. 
The relationship between lightning, occupational accidents and
productivity is evaluated. It is found and well-designed lighting has an impact
on productivity and it is effective in prevention of work place accidents. The
regulations for lighting in institutions needs to be taken into account and
more research on lighting and occupational safety is required. 

References

  • • BARON, R. A., REA, M. S. ve DANIELS, S. G., (1992), Effects of Indoor Lighting (Illuminance and Spectral Distribution) on the Performance of Cognitive Tasks and Interpersonal Behaviors: The Potential Mediating Role of Positive Affect, Motivation and Emotion, 16 (1), 1- 33.
  • • BATES, G., GAZEY, C. ve CENA, K., (1996), Factors Affecting Heat Illness When Working in Conditions of Thermal Stress, J. Hum Ergol, 25 (1), 13–20.
  • • BAYAZIT HAYTA, A., (2007), Çalışma Ortamı Koşullarının İşletme Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi, Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 21- 41.
  • • BECK, A., CRAIN, A. L., SOLBERG, L. I., UNUTZER, J., GLASGOW, R. E., MACIOSEK, M. V. ve WHITEBIRD, R., (2011), Severity of Depression and Magnitude of Productivity Loss, Annals of Family Medicine, 9 (4), 305–311.
  • • BO, E., ASTOLFI, A., PELLEGRINO, A., PELEGRIN-GARCIA, D., PUGLISI, G. E., SHTREPI, L. ve RYCHTARIKOVA, M., (2015), The Modern Use of Ancient Theatres Related to Acoustic and Lighting Requirements: Stage Design Guidelines for the Greek Theatre of Syracuse, Energy and Buildings, 95 (1), 106–115.
  • • BOYCE, P. R., HUNTER, C. M. ve CARTER, C. B., (2002), Perceptions of Full-Spectrum, Polarized Lighting, J Illum. Eng. Soc., 32, 73– 88.
  • • CARD, S. K., MORAN, T. P. ve NEWELL, A., (1983), The Psychology of Human- Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • • CHOI, J. H., (2016), Investigation of Human Eye Pupil Sizes as a Measure of Visual Sensation in the Workplace Environment with a High Lighting Colour Temperature, Indoor and Built Environment, 1– 14.
  • • CHOI, J. H. ve ZHU, R., (2015), Investigation of the Potential Use of Human Eye Pupil Sizes to Estimate Visual Sensations in the Workplace Environment, Building and Environment, 88: ss. 73– 81.
  • • CHOI, J. H. ve ZHU, R., (2014), Human Physiological Signal Based Building Environmental Controls for Visual Comfort, In: Proceedings of European Association for Architectural Education (EAAE) and Architectural Research Centers Consortium (ARCC), Honolulu, Hawaii, February, 12 (15), 268– 274.
  • • COCKRAM, A. H., COLLINS, J. B. ve LANGDON, F. J., (1970), A Study of User Preference for Fluorescent Lamps Colours for Daytime and Night- Time Lighting, Lighting Research and Technology, 2, 249–256.
  • • COŞKUNER, S. ve ÖZTOP, H., (2016), Farklı Kullanım Alanlarının Aydınlatılması: Verimlilik ve Temel İlkeler, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar e-Dergisi, 2016 (Nisan), http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/Aydinlatma_9Nisan2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2017).
  • • CRAVEN, R. ve BRUNO, P., (1986), Teach the Elderly to Prevent Falls, Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 12, 27-33.
  • • ÇETİNDERE, A. ve DURAN, C., (2013), Hazır Giyim Sanayinde Çalışma Ortamının İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Öneminin İncelenmesi: Bursa Örneği, 19. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü & Türk Ergonomi Derneği.
  • • DEMİRCİ, M. ve ARMAĞAN, K., (2002), Bürolarda Fiziksel Ortamın Düzenlenmesi ve Olumsuz Çevresel Faktörlerin Çalışanlar Üzerindeki Etkisi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 179- 192.
  • • EKLUND, N. H., BOYCE, P. R. ve SIMPSON, S. N., (2000), Lighting and Sustained Performance. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 29 (1), 116- 130.
  • • FLYNN, J. E., HENDRICK, C., SPENCER, T. ve MARTYNIUK, O., (1979), A Guide to Methodology Procedures for Measuring Subjective Impressions in Lighting, Journal of Illuminating Engineering Society, 8, 95- 110.
  • • GORDON, G., (2003), Interior Lighting for Designers, 4th Edition, Canada, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • • GREENE, J. F., (2010), Sustainable Justice 2030: Green Guide to Justice, AIA Academy of Architecture for Justice, http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/ek_members/documents/pdf/aiab085932.pdf, (03.09.2017).
  • • GUTH, S. K., (1981), Prentice Memorial Lecture: The Science of Seeing- a Search For Criteria, American Journal Optometry Physiological Optics, 58 (10), 870– 885.
  • • HARRELL, W. A., (1995), Factors Influencing Involvement in Farm Accidents, Percept Mot Skills, 81, 592–594.
  • • HATTINGH, S. ve ACUTT, J., (2003), Occupational Health, Management and Practice for Health Practitioners, Third Ed., Lansdowne, Juta Academic.
  • • HORNG, J. S., CHOU, S. F., LIU, C. H. ve TSAI, C. Y., (2013), Creativity, Aesthetics and Eco- Friendliness: A Physical Dining Environment Design Synthetic Assessment Model of Innovative Restaurants, Tourism Management, 36, 15- 25.
  • • HU, X., HOUSER, K. W. ve TILLER, D. K., (2006), Higher Color Temperature Lamps May Not Appear Brighter, LEIKOS, 3, 69–81.
  • • ISEN, A. M. ve BARON, R. A., (1991), Positive Affect as a Factor in Organizational- Behavior, Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. B. M. Staw, L. L. Cummings, 13, (1)– 53, Greenwich, CT, JAI Press.
  • • JUDD, D. B., (1933), Sensibility to Color- Temperature Change as a Function of Temperature, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 23 (1), 7-14.
  • • KAISER, P. K. ve BOYNTON, R. M., (1996), Human Color Vision, 2nd ed., Washington DC, Optical Society of America.
  • • KORADECKA, D., (2010), Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health, New York, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • • KURTAY, C., AYBAR, U., BAŞKAYA, A. ve AKSULU, I., (2003), Müzelerde Algılama ve Aydınlatma Kriterlerinin Analizi: Ankara- Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Orta Holü, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der. J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ., 18 (2), 95-113.
  • • LAURENTIN, C, BERMTTO, V. ve FONTOYNONT, M., (2000), Effect of Thermal Conditions and Light Source Type on Visual Comfort Appraisal, Lighting Research and Technology, 32 (4), 223–233.
  • • LIVINGSTON, J., (2014), Designing with Light, New Jersey, The Art, Science and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design, Wiley.
  • • LOPEZ, G. ve GUEYMARD, C. A., (2007), Clear- Sky Solar Luminous Efficacy Determination Using Artificial Neural Networks, Solar Energy, 81, 929–939.
  • • MANAV, B., (2007), An Experimental Study on the Appraisal of the Visual Environment at Offices in Relation to Colour Temperature and Illuminance, Building and Environment, 42 (2), 979–983.
  • • MEGEP - Meslekî Eğitim ve Öğretim Sisteminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesi, (2007), Elektrik Elektronik Teknolojisi Işıklandırma Sistemi Arızaları, T. C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Ankara, http://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/modulerprogramlar/kursprogramlari/elektrik/moduller/isiklandirmasistemiarizalari.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2017).
  • • NAVVAB, M. A., (2001), Comparison of Visual Performance Under High and Low Color Temperature Fluorescent Lamps, The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 30, 170–175.
  • • NEWSHAM, G. R. ve VEITCH, J. A., (2001), Lighting Quality Recommendations for VDT Offices: A New Method of Derivation, Lighting Research and Technology, 33, 97-116.
  • • PACIFIC ENERGY CENTER, (2006), A Case Study in High Color Temperature Lighting, Spring, Pacific Gas and Electric Company.
  • • PARK, B. C., CHANG, J. H., KIM, Y. S., JEONG, J. W. ve CHOI, A. S., (2010), A Study on the Subjective Response for Corrected Colour Temperature Conditions in a Specific Space, Indoor and Built Environment, 19 (6), 623–637.
  • • PÉREZ, F. R. ve CALLEJA, H., (1998), Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2, 4th Ed., Geneva, International Labour Organization.
  • • REA, M. S., (1991), Ouellette M. J. Relative Visual Performance: A Basis for Application, Lighting Research and Technology, 23 (3), 135-144.
  • • REESE, C. D., (2001), Accident/ Incident Prevention Techniques, New York, Taylor & Francis.
  • • REID, F., (2001), The Stage Lighting Handbook, New York, Routledge.
  • • SEARS, A. J. ve JULIE, A., (2007), The Human- Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, CRC Press.
  • • SHEEDY, J. E., HAYES, J. ve ENGLE, J., (2003), Is all Asthenopia the Same, Optometry and Vision Science, American Academy of Optometry, 80 (11), 732–739.
  • • ŞAFAK, Ş. ve ERKAL, S., (2011), Kurumlarda Ev İdaresi, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., OĞUZ, Y. ve BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F., (2015), Yarı Direkt ve Karma Aydınlatma Türlerinin Teknik Yönden Karşılaştırılması, CBÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 (1), 25-35.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F. ve OĞUZ, Y., (2014a), Karma ve Yarı Endirekt Aydınlatma Türlerinin Teknik ve Ekonomik Yönden Karşılaştırılması, BAÜ Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 16 (2), 26-38.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F., OĞUZ, Y. ve YALÇIN, P., (2014b), Aydınlatma Elemanlarındaki Işık Akısı Azalmalarının Yapay Sinir Ağları İle Tahmini, EÜFBED - Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (1), 19-36.
  • • THE LIGHTING HANDBOOK, (2004), http://www.iar.unicamp.br/lab/luz/ld/Arquitetural/livros/the_lighting_handbook.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017).
  • • TINETTI, M. E. ve SPEECHLEY, M., (1989), Prevention of Falls Among The Elderly, The New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 1055- 1059.
  • • ULUCAN, H. F. ve ZEYREK, S., (2012), Ofislerde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Ankara, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü.
  • • UMEZU, N., NAKANO, Y., SAKAI, T., YOSHITAKE, R., HERLITSCHKE, W. ve KUBOTA, S., (1998), Specular and Diffuse Reflection Measurement Feasibility Study of ISO 9241 Part 7 Method, Displays, 19, 17–25.
  • • VORAPHANI, N., (2007), Color Vision Screening Using Eye Movements, A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, Iowa, Ames.
  • • WIBOM, R. I. ve CARLSSON, L. W., (1987), Work at Video Display Terminals Among Office Workers, Knave B, Wideback PG (Editors), Work with Video Display Units 86, 357-367.,Elsevier Science.
  • • WOLSKA, A., (2003), Visual Strain and Lighting Preferences of VDT Users Under Different Lighting Systems, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 9 (4), 431-440.
  • • WOODLAND, J. E. ve HOBSON, S. J. G., (2003), An Occupational Therapy Perspective on Falls Prevention Among Community- Dwelling Older Adults, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70 (3), 174- 182.

KURUMLARDA FAALİYET ALANLARININ AYDINLATILMASI VE ÇALIŞANLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Year 2019, Issue: 2, 185 - 204, 22.03.2019

Abstract

Çalışmada, aydınlatma türleri ve aydınlatmada temel
ilkelerin açıklanması ile kurumlarda aydınlatmaya ilişkin prensipler konusunda
öngörü oluşması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca; aydınlatmada ışık kontrolü, yansıtma
oranı, ışığın iletilmesi, göz kamaşması kontrolü, ışığın renk sıcaklığı
konuları açıklanarak, işyerinde aydınlatma için temel ve stratejik bilgiler
verilmiştir. İşyerinde aydınlatma
ile iş kazaları ve verimlilik arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiş, işyerinde verimliliğin artırılması ve
kazaların önlenebilmesinde doğru tasarlanmış aydınlatmanın etkili olduğu, iş
sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından aydınlatmada çalışan odaklı düzenlemeye dikkat edilmesi
gerektiği, aydınlatma ve iş kazasına ilişkin yapılan
araştırmaların yetersiz olduğu sonuçlarına varılmıştır. 

References

  • • BARON, R. A., REA, M. S. ve DANIELS, S. G., (1992), Effects of Indoor Lighting (Illuminance and Spectral Distribution) on the Performance of Cognitive Tasks and Interpersonal Behaviors: The Potential Mediating Role of Positive Affect, Motivation and Emotion, 16 (1), 1- 33.
  • • BATES, G., GAZEY, C. ve CENA, K., (1996), Factors Affecting Heat Illness When Working in Conditions of Thermal Stress, J. Hum Ergol, 25 (1), 13–20.
  • • BAYAZIT HAYTA, A., (2007), Çalışma Ortamı Koşullarının İşletme Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi, Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 21- 41.
  • • BECK, A., CRAIN, A. L., SOLBERG, L. I., UNUTZER, J., GLASGOW, R. E., MACIOSEK, M. V. ve WHITEBIRD, R., (2011), Severity of Depression and Magnitude of Productivity Loss, Annals of Family Medicine, 9 (4), 305–311.
  • • BO, E., ASTOLFI, A., PELLEGRINO, A., PELEGRIN-GARCIA, D., PUGLISI, G. E., SHTREPI, L. ve RYCHTARIKOVA, M., (2015), The Modern Use of Ancient Theatres Related to Acoustic and Lighting Requirements: Stage Design Guidelines for the Greek Theatre of Syracuse, Energy and Buildings, 95 (1), 106–115.
  • • BOYCE, P. R., HUNTER, C. M. ve CARTER, C. B., (2002), Perceptions of Full-Spectrum, Polarized Lighting, J Illum. Eng. Soc., 32, 73– 88.
  • • CARD, S. K., MORAN, T. P. ve NEWELL, A., (1983), The Psychology of Human- Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • • CHOI, J. H., (2016), Investigation of Human Eye Pupil Sizes as a Measure of Visual Sensation in the Workplace Environment with a High Lighting Colour Temperature, Indoor and Built Environment, 1– 14.
  • • CHOI, J. H. ve ZHU, R., (2015), Investigation of the Potential Use of Human Eye Pupil Sizes to Estimate Visual Sensations in the Workplace Environment, Building and Environment, 88: ss. 73– 81.
  • • CHOI, J. H. ve ZHU, R., (2014), Human Physiological Signal Based Building Environmental Controls for Visual Comfort, In: Proceedings of European Association for Architectural Education (EAAE) and Architectural Research Centers Consortium (ARCC), Honolulu, Hawaii, February, 12 (15), 268– 274.
  • • COCKRAM, A. H., COLLINS, J. B. ve LANGDON, F. J., (1970), A Study of User Preference for Fluorescent Lamps Colours for Daytime and Night- Time Lighting, Lighting Research and Technology, 2, 249–256.
  • • COŞKUNER, S. ve ÖZTOP, H., (2016), Farklı Kullanım Alanlarının Aydınlatılması: Verimlilik ve Temel İlkeler, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar e-Dergisi, 2016 (Nisan), http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/Aydinlatma_9Nisan2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2017).
  • • CRAVEN, R. ve BRUNO, P., (1986), Teach the Elderly to Prevent Falls, Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 12, 27-33.
  • • ÇETİNDERE, A. ve DURAN, C., (2013), Hazır Giyim Sanayinde Çalışma Ortamının İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Öneminin İncelenmesi: Bursa Örneği, 19. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü & Türk Ergonomi Derneği.
  • • DEMİRCİ, M. ve ARMAĞAN, K., (2002), Bürolarda Fiziksel Ortamın Düzenlenmesi ve Olumsuz Çevresel Faktörlerin Çalışanlar Üzerindeki Etkisi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 179- 192.
  • • EKLUND, N. H., BOYCE, P. R. ve SIMPSON, S. N., (2000), Lighting and Sustained Performance. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 29 (1), 116- 130.
  • • FLYNN, J. E., HENDRICK, C., SPENCER, T. ve MARTYNIUK, O., (1979), A Guide to Methodology Procedures for Measuring Subjective Impressions in Lighting, Journal of Illuminating Engineering Society, 8, 95- 110.
  • • GORDON, G., (2003), Interior Lighting for Designers, 4th Edition, Canada, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • • GREENE, J. F., (2010), Sustainable Justice 2030: Green Guide to Justice, AIA Academy of Architecture for Justice, http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/ek_members/documents/pdf/aiab085932.pdf, (03.09.2017).
  • • GUTH, S. K., (1981), Prentice Memorial Lecture: The Science of Seeing- a Search For Criteria, American Journal Optometry Physiological Optics, 58 (10), 870– 885.
  • • HARRELL, W. A., (1995), Factors Influencing Involvement in Farm Accidents, Percept Mot Skills, 81, 592–594.
  • • HATTINGH, S. ve ACUTT, J., (2003), Occupational Health, Management and Practice for Health Practitioners, Third Ed., Lansdowne, Juta Academic.
  • • HORNG, J. S., CHOU, S. F., LIU, C. H. ve TSAI, C. Y., (2013), Creativity, Aesthetics and Eco- Friendliness: A Physical Dining Environment Design Synthetic Assessment Model of Innovative Restaurants, Tourism Management, 36, 15- 25.
  • • HU, X., HOUSER, K. W. ve TILLER, D. K., (2006), Higher Color Temperature Lamps May Not Appear Brighter, LEIKOS, 3, 69–81.
  • • ISEN, A. M. ve BARON, R. A., (1991), Positive Affect as a Factor in Organizational- Behavior, Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. B. M. Staw, L. L. Cummings, 13, (1)– 53, Greenwich, CT, JAI Press.
  • • JUDD, D. B., (1933), Sensibility to Color- Temperature Change as a Function of Temperature, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 23 (1), 7-14.
  • • KAISER, P. K. ve BOYNTON, R. M., (1996), Human Color Vision, 2nd ed., Washington DC, Optical Society of America.
  • • KORADECKA, D., (2010), Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health, New York, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • • KURTAY, C., AYBAR, U., BAŞKAYA, A. ve AKSULU, I., (2003), Müzelerde Algılama ve Aydınlatma Kriterlerinin Analizi: Ankara- Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Orta Holü, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der. J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ., 18 (2), 95-113.
  • • LAURENTIN, C, BERMTTO, V. ve FONTOYNONT, M., (2000), Effect of Thermal Conditions and Light Source Type on Visual Comfort Appraisal, Lighting Research and Technology, 32 (4), 223–233.
  • • LIVINGSTON, J., (2014), Designing with Light, New Jersey, The Art, Science and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design, Wiley.
  • • LOPEZ, G. ve GUEYMARD, C. A., (2007), Clear- Sky Solar Luminous Efficacy Determination Using Artificial Neural Networks, Solar Energy, 81, 929–939.
  • • MANAV, B., (2007), An Experimental Study on the Appraisal of the Visual Environment at Offices in Relation to Colour Temperature and Illuminance, Building and Environment, 42 (2), 979–983.
  • • MEGEP - Meslekî Eğitim ve Öğretim Sisteminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesi, (2007), Elektrik Elektronik Teknolojisi Işıklandırma Sistemi Arızaları, T. C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Ankara, http://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/modulerprogramlar/kursprogramlari/elektrik/moduller/isiklandirmasistemiarizalari.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2017).
  • • NAVVAB, M. A., (2001), Comparison of Visual Performance Under High and Low Color Temperature Fluorescent Lamps, The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 30, 170–175.
  • • NEWSHAM, G. R. ve VEITCH, J. A., (2001), Lighting Quality Recommendations for VDT Offices: A New Method of Derivation, Lighting Research and Technology, 33, 97-116.
  • • PACIFIC ENERGY CENTER, (2006), A Case Study in High Color Temperature Lighting, Spring, Pacific Gas and Electric Company.
  • • PARK, B. C., CHANG, J. H., KIM, Y. S., JEONG, J. W. ve CHOI, A. S., (2010), A Study on the Subjective Response for Corrected Colour Temperature Conditions in a Specific Space, Indoor and Built Environment, 19 (6), 623–637.
  • • PÉREZ, F. R. ve CALLEJA, H., (1998), Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2, 4th Ed., Geneva, International Labour Organization.
  • • REA, M. S., (1991), Ouellette M. J. Relative Visual Performance: A Basis for Application, Lighting Research and Technology, 23 (3), 135-144.
  • • REESE, C. D., (2001), Accident/ Incident Prevention Techniques, New York, Taylor & Francis.
  • • REID, F., (2001), The Stage Lighting Handbook, New York, Routledge.
  • • SEARS, A. J. ve JULIE, A., (2007), The Human- Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, CRC Press.
  • • SHEEDY, J. E., HAYES, J. ve ENGLE, J., (2003), Is all Asthenopia the Same, Optometry and Vision Science, American Academy of Optometry, 80 (11), 732–739.
  • • ŞAFAK, Ş. ve ERKAL, S., (2011), Kurumlarda Ev İdaresi, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., OĞUZ, Y. ve BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F., (2015), Yarı Direkt ve Karma Aydınlatma Türlerinin Teknik Yönden Karşılaştırılması, CBÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 (1), 25-35.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F. ve OĞUZ, Y., (2014a), Karma ve Yarı Endirekt Aydınlatma Türlerinin Teknik ve Ekonomik Yönden Karşılaştırılması, BAÜ Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 16 (2), 26-38.
  • • ŞAHİN, M., BÜYÜKTÜMTÜRK, F., OĞUZ, Y. ve YALÇIN, P., (2014b), Aydınlatma Elemanlarındaki Işık Akısı Azalmalarının Yapay Sinir Ağları İle Tahmini, EÜFBED - Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (1), 19-36.
  • • THE LIGHTING HANDBOOK, (2004), http://www.iar.unicamp.br/lab/luz/ld/Arquitetural/livros/the_lighting_handbook.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017).
  • • TINETTI, M. E. ve SPEECHLEY, M., (1989), Prevention of Falls Among The Elderly, The New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 1055- 1059.
  • • ULUCAN, H. F. ve ZEYREK, S., (2012), Ofislerde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Ankara, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü.
  • • UMEZU, N., NAKANO, Y., SAKAI, T., YOSHITAKE, R., HERLITSCHKE, W. ve KUBOTA, S., (1998), Specular and Diffuse Reflection Measurement Feasibility Study of ISO 9241 Part 7 Method, Displays, 19, 17–25.
  • • VORAPHANI, N., (2007), Color Vision Screening Using Eye Movements, A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, Iowa, Ames.
  • • WIBOM, R. I. ve CARLSSON, L. W., (1987), Work at Video Display Terminals Among Office Workers, Knave B, Wideback PG (Editors), Work with Video Display Units 86, 357-367.,Elsevier Science.
  • • WOLSKA, A., (2003), Visual Strain and Lighting Preferences of VDT Users Under Different Lighting Systems, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 9 (4), 431-440.
  • • WOODLAND, J. E. ve HOBSON, S. J. G., (2003), An Occupational Therapy Perspective on Falls Prevention Among Community- Dwelling Older Adults, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70 (3), 174- 182.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fahri Özsungur 0000-0001-6567-766X

Hülya Öztop

Publication Date March 22, 2019
Submission Date December 8, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özsungur, F., & Öztop, H. (2019). KURUMLARDA FAALİYET ALANLARININ AYDINLATILMASI VE ÇALIŞANLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Verimlilik Dergisi(2), 185-204.

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22408 Journal of Productivity is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)