Research Article
Body composition, anaerobic power, lower extremity strength in football players: Acute effect on different leagues
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare differences in body composition, lower extremity strength, and anaerobic power characteristics among professional football players at different league levels. A total of seventy-one volunteer players aged between eighteen and thirty-five years (mean age: 23.14 ± 4.23 years) participated in the study, representing the Super League, 1st League, and 2nd League. The participants' body compositions were measured using the DXA (Hologic QDR Series, Delphi A model, Bedford, MA, USA) bioelectrical impedance analyzer, CounterMovement Jump (CMJ) strength with the ChronoJump Smartspeed Mat (INEFC, Barcelona), and Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tests were conducted. ANOVA was used to compare multiple groups, and the Duncan multiple comparison tests were conducted in cases where differences were observed to determine which group the difference favored. The results revealed that Super League players statistically possessed more significant values in body composition compared to 1st and 2nd League players and demonstrated significantly higher values in terms of jump height, maximum force output, and anaerobic power compared to 1st and 2nd League players (p<0.05). Consequently, it is considered that the intensive training sessions undertaken by Super League players both pre-season and throughout the season, along with the expectation of top-level physical attributes from players in terms of performance, contributes to the highest level of physical characteristics required as the league level increases. These findings emphasize the importance of evaluating players' potential according to their league levels and considering not only body composition but also physical performance criteria when aiming for a higher league level.
References
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- Matković, B., Mišigoj-Duraković, M., Matković, B., Janković, S., Ružić, L., Leko, G., & Kondrič, M. (2003). Morphological differences of elite Croatian soccer players according to the team position. Coll Antropol, 27(1), 167-174.
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- Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Gil, S., Irazusta, J., Casis, L., & Gil, J. (2005). Nutritional intake in soccer players of different ages. J Sports Sci, 23(3), 235-242.
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- Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Hammami, A., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2018). Comparison of body fat percentage of male soccer players of different competitive levels, playing positions and age groups: A meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 58(6), 857-866.
- Spigolon, L. M. P., Borin, J. P., Leite, G. S., Padovani, C. R. P., & Padovani, C. R. (2007). Potência anaeróbia em atletas de futebol de campo: diferenças entre categorias. Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física, 6(1), 421-428.
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- Sutton, L., Scott, M., Wallace, J., & Reilly, T. (2009). Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity. J Sports Sci, 27(10), 1019-1026.
- Svantesson, U., Zander, M., Klingberg, S., & Slinde, F. (2008). Body composition in male elite athletes, comparison of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Negat Results Biomed, 7(1), 1-5.
- Wertheimer, V., Antekolovic, L., & Matkovic, B. R. (2018). Muscle damage indicators after land and aquatic plyometric training programmes. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(1), 13-19.
- Wittich, A., Oliveri, M. B., Rotemberg, E., & Mautalen, C. (2001). Body composition of professional football (soccer) players determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Densitom, 4(1), 51-55.
- Zagatto, A. M., Beck, W. R., & Gobatto, C. A. (2009). Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. J Strength Cond Res, 23(6), 1820-1827.
- Zerf, M. (2017). Body composition versus body fat percentage as predictors of posture/balance control mobility and stability among football players under 21 years. Physical Education of Students, 21(2), 96-102.
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 24 - 33, 25.03.2024
Abstract
References
- Akenhead, R., & Nassis, G. P. (2016). Training load and player monitoring in high-level football: current practice and perceptions. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 11(5), 587-593.
- Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Almuzaini, K. S., Al-Refaee, S. A., Sulaiman, M. A., Dafterdar, M. Y., Al-Ghamedi, A., & Al-Khuraiji, K. N. (2001). Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of Saudi elite soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41(1), 54-61.
- Alves, A. L., Mendes, T. T., Coelho, D. B., Soncin, R., Pereira, E. R., & Garcia, E. S. (2010). Análise das variáveis anaeróbias e antropométricas entre futebolistas profissionais e juniores. Lect Educ Física Deport Rev Digit Buenos Aires, 15(147).
- Andrade, V. L., Zagatto, A. M., Kalva-Filho, C. A., Mendes, O. C., Gobatto, C. A., Campos, E. Z., & Papoti, M. (2015). Running-based anaerobic sprint test as a procedure to evaluate anaerobic power. Int J Sports Med, 1156-1162.
- Bandyopadhyay, A. (2007). Anthropometry and body composition in soccer and volleyball players in West Bengal, India. J Physiol Anthropol, 26(4), 501-505.
- Baptista, I., Johansen, D., Seabra, A., & Pettersen, S. A. (2018). Position specific player load during match-play in a professional football club. PloS One, 13(5), e0198115.
- Benhammou, S., Mourot, L., Mokkedes, M. I., Bengoua, A., & Belkadi, A. (2021). Assessment of maximal aerobic speed in runners with different performance levels: Interest of a new intermittent running test. Science & Sports, 36(5), 413-e1.
- Bjelica, D., Gardasevic, J., Masanovic, B., & Vasiljevic, I. (2020). Soccer National Team of Kosovo (U19) in comparison with other players in this country with regards to anthropometric characteristics and body composition. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(1), 1-7.
- Bradley, P. S., Di Mascio, M., Peart, D., Olsen, P., & Sheldon, B. (2010). High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res, 24(9), 2343-2351.
- Carroll, K. M., Wagle, J. P., Sole, C. J., & Stone, M. H. (2019). Intrasession and intersession reliability of countermovement jump testing in division-I volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 33(11), 2932-2935.
- Gerosa-Neto, J., Rossi, F. E., da Silva, C. B., Campos, E. Z., Fernandes, R. A., & Júnior, I. F. F. (2014). Body composition analysis of athletes from the elite of Brazilian soccer players. Motricidade, 10(4), 105-110.
- Gomes, M. M., Pereira, G., Freitas, P. B. D., & Barela, J. A. (2009). Características cinemáticas e cinéticas do salto vertical: comparação entre jogadores de futebol e basquetebol. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 11(4), 392-399.
- Gorostiaga, E. M., Llodio, I., Ibáñez, J., Granados, C., Navarro, I., Ruesta, M., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Differences in physical fitness among indoor and outdoor elite male soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol, 106, 483-491.
- Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., & Seiler, S. (2013). Anaerobic performance testing of professional soccer players 1995–2010. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 8(2), 148-156.
- Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E., García, Á., García-Zapico, P., Pérez-Landaluce, J., Patterson, Á. M., & García-Rovés, P. M. (2012). Is there a relationship between the playing position of soccer players and their food and macronutrient intake? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 37(2), 225-232.
- Jlid, M. C., Coquart, J., Maffulli, N., Paillard, T., Bisciotti, G. N., & Chamari, K. (2020). Effects of in season multi-directional plyometric training on vertical jump performance, change of direction speed and dynamic postural control in U-21 soccer Players. Front Physiol, 11, 374.
- Kannas, T. M., Kellis, E., & Amiridis, I. G. (2012). Incline plyometrics-induced improvement of jumping performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(6), 2353-2361.
- Kotzamanidis, C., Chatzopoulos, D., Michailidis, C., Papaiakovou, G., & Patikas, D. (2005). The effect of a combined high-intensity strength and speed training program on the running and jumping ability of soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 19(2), 369-375.
- Lago-Peñas, C., & Lago-Ballesteros, J. (2011). Game location and team quality effects on performance profiles in professional soccer. J Sports Sci Med, 10(3), 465.
- Liu, H., Yi, Q., Giménez, J. V., Gómez, M. A., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2015). Performance profiles of football teams in the UEFA Champions League considering situational efficiency. Int J Perf Anal Spor, 15(1), 371-390.
- Matković, B., Mišigoj-Duraković, M., Matković, B., Janković, S., Ružić, L., Leko, G., & Kondrič, M. (2003). Morphological differences of elite Croatian soccer players according to the team position. Coll Antropol, 27(1), 167-174.
- Mcmillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., & Hoff, J. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. Br J Sports Med, 39(5), 273-277.
- Milsom, J., Naughton, R., O’Boyle, A., Iqbal, Z., Morgans, R., Drust, B., & Morton, J. P. (2015). Body composition assessment of English Premier League soccer players: a comparative DXA analysis of first team, U21 and U18 squads. J Sports Sci, 33(17), 1799-1806.
- Paillard, T., Noe, F., Riviere, T., Marion, V., Montoya, R., & Dupui, P. (2006). Postural performance and strategy in the unipedal stance of soccer players at different levels of competition. J Athl Train, 41(2), 172.
- Ramírez-Campillo, R., Meylan, C., Alvarez, C., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Martínez, C., Cañas-Jamett, R., ... & Izquierdo, M. (2014). Effects of in-season low-volume high-intensity plyometric training on explosive actions and endurance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 28(5), 1335-1342.
- Reinke, S., Karhausen, T., Doehner, W., Taylor, W., Hottenrott, K., Duda, G. N., & Anker, S. D. (2009). The influence of recovery and training phases on body composition, peripheral vascular function and immune system of professional soccer players. PloS One, 4(3), e4910.
- Ribeiro, F.; Bastos, E.; Bastos-Silva, V., Araujo, G. (2015). Caracteristicas por posição da potência anaeróbia, capacidade aeróbia e composição corporal em futebolista de alto rendimento. Rev Norte-Min Educ Física, 5, 20-29.
- Rojas-Valverde, D., Sanchez-Urena, B., Gomez-Carmona, C. D., Ugalde-Ramirez, A., Trejos-Montoya, A., Pino-Ortega, J., & Gutierrez-Vargas, R. (2021). Detection of neuromechanical acute fatigue-related responses during a duathlon simulation: Is tensiomyography sensitive enough? Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 235(1), 53-61.
- Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Gil, S., Irazusta, J., Casis, L., & Gil, J. (2005). Nutritional intake in soccer players of different ages. J Sports Sci, 23(3), 235-242.
- Sánchez-Sánchez, J., García-Unanue, J., Felipe, J. L., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Viejo-Romero, D., Gómez-López, M., ... & Gallardo, L. (2016). Physical and physiological responses of amateur football players on third-generation artificial turf systems during simulated game situations. J Strength Cond Res, 30(11), 3165-3177.
- Sarmento, H., Marcelino, R., Anguera, M. T., CampaniÇo, J., Matos, N., & LeitÃo, J. C. (2014). Match analysis in football: a systematic review. J Sports Sci, 32(20), 1831-1843.
- Silva, J. R., Rebelo, A., Marques, F., Pereira, L., Seabra, A., Ascensão, A., & Magalhães, J. (2014). Biochemical impact of soccer: an analysis of hormonal, muscle damage, and redox markers during the season. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 39(4), 432-438.
- Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Hammami, A., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2018). Comparison of body fat percentage of male soccer players of different competitive levels, playing positions and age groups: A meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 58(6), 857-866.
- Spigolon, L. M. P., Borin, J. P., Leite, G. S., Padovani, C. R. P., & Padovani, C. R. (2007). Potência anaeróbia em atletas de futebol de campo: diferenças entre categorias. Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física, 6(1), 421-428.
- Suarez-Arrones, L., Saez de Villarreal, E., Núñez, F. J., Di Salvo, V., Petri, C., Buccolini, A., ... & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2018). In-season eccentric-overload training in elite soccer players: Effects on body composition, strength and sprint performance. PloS One, 13(10), e0205332.
- Sutton, L., Scott, M., Wallace, J., & Reilly, T. (2009). Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity. J Sports Sci, 27(10), 1019-1026.
- Svantesson, U., Zander, M., Klingberg, S., & Slinde, F. (2008). Body composition in male elite athletes, comparison of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Negat Results Biomed, 7(1), 1-5.
- Wertheimer, V., Antekolovic, L., & Matkovic, B. R. (2018). Muscle damage indicators after land and aquatic plyometric training programmes. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(1), 13-19.
- Wittich, A., Oliveri, M. B., Rotemberg, E., & Mautalen, C. (2001). Body composition of professional football (soccer) players determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Densitom, 4(1), 51-55.
- Zagatto, A. M., Beck, W. R., & Gobatto, C. A. (2009). Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. J Strength Cond Res, 23(6), 1820-1827.
- Zerf, M. (2017). Body composition versus body fat percentage as predictors of posture/balance control mobility and stability among football players under 21 years. Physical Education of Students, 21(2), 96-102.
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sports Training |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 23, 2024 |
| Publication Date | March 25, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 11, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 13, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 |
