Abstract
Amaç: 3-6 yaş arası okul öncesi çocuklarda sadece anne sütü alımı ile anne sütü ve formula mamanın birlikte alımının kırma kusurları üzerine etkisini karşılaştırmak.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 88 çocuğun yüz yetmiş altı gözü değerlendirildi. Beslenme şekline göre sadece anne sütü ile beslenenler Grup 1, anne sütü ve formula mama ile beslenenler Grup 2 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sonuçlar geriye dönük olarak gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 40’ı (%45.5) erkek, 48’i (%54.5) kız olmak üzere toplam 88 çocuğun 176 gözü dâhil edildi. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen çocukların %27.3’ünün (n=24) anne doğum yaşı 30 yaşın üzerinde ve %96.6’sının (n=85) doğum ağırlığı 2500 gramın üzerindeydi. Sferik, silendirik ve sferik eşdeğer (SE) değerlerinin ortalama ± standart sapması sırasıyla grup I’de 1.61±1.46 D; -0.98 ±0.69 D, 1.12±1.43 D ve grup II’de 1.00±2.57 D; -0.90±0.81 D ve 0.55 ±2.72 D’di (Sferik için p=0.507; silendirik için p=0.299 ve SE için p=0.799). Anne sütü alan grupta miyopik kırılma daha az olmasına rağmen, gruplar arasında miyop kırma kusuru açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, ortalama kırma kusurları beslenme şekline göre farklıydı, ancak bu çalışmada gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p<0.050). Daha büyük örneklem büyüklükleri ile daha fazla çalışma yaparak bu bulguyu doğrulamaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Keywords
References
- Sandfeld L, Weihrauch H, Tubaek G, Mortzos P. Ophthalmological data on 4.5- to 7-year-old Danish children. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:379-83.
- Cui J, Fu J, Li L, Chen W, Meng Z, Su H, et al. Prevalence and pattern of refractive error and visual impairment among schoolchildren: the Lhasa childhood eye study. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:363.
- Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, Lanca C, Saw SM. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:27.
- Cai XB, Shen SR, Chen DF, Zhang Q, Jin ZB. An overview of myopia genetics. Exp Eye Res 2019;188:107778.
- Xiong S, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, Zang J, Zou H, Zhu J, et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2017;95:551-66.
- Jiang D, Shi B, Gao H, Guo Y, Zhou S, Zhang Y. Associations between reading and writing postures and myopia among school students in Ningbo, China. Front Public Health 2022;10:713377.
- Ramiro-Cortijo D, Singh P, Liu Y, Medina-Morales E, Yakah W, Freedman SD, et al. Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury. Nutrients 2020;12:534.
- Nguyen MTT, Kim J, Seo N, Lee AH, Kim YK, Jung JA, et al. Comprehensive analysis of fatty acids in human milk of four Asian countries. J Dairy Sci 2021;104:6496-507.
- Hoffman DR, Boettcher JA, Diersen-Schade DA. Toward optimizing vision and cognition in term infants by dietary docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid supplementation: a review of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:151-8.
- Normia J, Niinivirta-Joutsa K, Isolauri E, Jääskeläinen SK, Laitinen K. Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:72-8.
- Wu RK, Liang JH, Zhong H, Li J, Pan CW. The Lack of Association of Breastfeeding and Myopia in Children and Adolescents: Finding from a School-Based Study and a Meta-Analysis of the Literature. Breastfeed Med 2019;14:580-6.
- Bozkurt E, Bozkurt HB, Üçer MB. Comparative Effect of Feeding Human Milk as Opposed to Formula on Visual Function and Ocular Anatomy. Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:493-8.
- Chong YS, Liang Y, Tan D, Gazzard G, Stone RA, Saw SM. Association between breastfeeding and likelihood of myopia in children. JAMA 2009;293:3001–2.
- Sham WK, Dirani M, Chong YS, Hornbeak DM, Gazzard G, Li J, et al. Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children. Eye 2010; 24: 875-80.
- Shirzadeh E, Kooshki A, Mohammadi M. The relationship between breastfeeding and measurements of refraction and visual acuity in primary school children. Breastfeed Med 2016;11:235-8.
- Tajbakhsh Z, Talebnejad MR, Khalili MR, Masoumpour MS, Mahdaviazad H, Mohammadi E, et al. The prevalence of refractive error in schoolchildren. Clin Exp Optom 2022;105:860-4.
- Liu S, Ye S, Wang Q, Cao Y, Zhang X. Breastfeeding and myopia: A cross-sectional study of children aged 6-12 years in Tianjin, China. Sci Rep 2018;8:10025.
- Shoji H, Shimizu T. Effect of human breast milk on biological metabolism in infants. Pediatr Int 2019;61:6-15.
- Huo L, Qi Y, Zhao S. Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1-18 months in Tianjin, China. BMC Ophthalmol 2021;21:403.
Abstract
Objective: To compare the effect of feeding human milk as opposed to formula and human milk on refractive error in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years.
Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy six eyes of 88 children were evaluated. According to the feeding pattern, the patients who fed only breast-fed were classified as Group I, and the patients who fed with combination of breast-fed and formula were classified as Group II. Results were retrospectively compared between groups.
Results: A total of 88 children undergone detailed ophthalmological examinations, of which 40 (45.5 %) were males and 48 (54.5 %) were females. Maternal birth age of 27.3% (n=24) of the children included in the study was over 30 years and birth weight of 96.6% (n=85) was over 2500 grams.
The mean ± standard deviation of the spherical, cylindrical and spherical equivalent (SE) values were 1.61±1.46 D; -0.98 ± 0.69 D and 1.12±1.43 D in group I and 1.00±2.57 D; -0.90 ± 0.81 D and 0.55 ± 2.72 D in group II, respectively (p=0.507 for spherical; p=0.299 for cylindrical and p=0.799 for SE). Although myopic refraction was less common in the breastfed group, there was no significant difference in myopic refraction between the groups (p= 0.507).
Conclusion: In conclusion, mean refractive error were different according to feeding pattern, but this study did not show significant differences between groups (p<0.050). There is a need to confirm this finding by performing more studies with a larger sample sizes.
References
- Sandfeld L, Weihrauch H, Tubaek G, Mortzos P. Ophthalmological data on 4.5- to 7-year-old Danish children. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:379-83.
- Cui J, Fu J, Li L, Chen W, Meng Z, Su H, et al. Prevalence and pattern of refractive error and visual impairment among schoolchildren: the Lhasa childhood eye study. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:363.
- Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, Lanca C, Saw SM. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:27.
- Cai XB, Shen SR, Chen DF, Zhang Q, Jin ZB. An overview of myopia genetics. Exp Eye Res 2019;188:107778.
- Xiong S, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, Zang J, Zou H, Zhu J, et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2017;95:551-66.
- Jiang D, Shi B, Gao H, Guo Y, Zhou S, Zhang Y. Associations between reading and writing postures and myopia among school students in Ningbo, China. Front Public Health 2022;10:713377.
- Ramiro-Cortijo D, Singh P, Liu Y, Medina-Morales E, Yakah W, Freedman SD, et al. Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury. Nutrients 2020;12:534.
- Nguyen MTT, Kim J, Seo N, Lee AH, Kim YK, Jung JA, et al. Comprehensive analysis of fatty acids in human milk of four Asian countries. J Dairy Sci 2021;104:6496-507.
- Hoffman DR, Boettcher JA, Diersen-Schade DA. Toward optimizing vision and cognition in term infants by dietary docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid supplementation: a review of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:151-8.
- Normia J, Niinivirta-Joutsa K, Isolauri E, Jääskeläinen SK, Laitinen K. Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:72-8.
- Wu RK, Liang JH, Zhong H, Li J, Pan CW. The Lack of Association of Breastfeeding and Myopia in Children and Adolescents: Finding from a School-Based Study and a Meta-Analysis of the Literature. Breastfeed Med 2019;14:580-6.
- Bozkurt E, Bozkurt HB, Üçer MB. Comparative Effect of Feeding Human Milk as Opposed to Formula on Visual Function and Ocular Anatomy. Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:493-8.
- Chong YS, Liang Y, Tan D, Gazzard G, Stone RA, Saw SM. Association between breastfeeding and likelihood of myopia in children. JAMA 2009;293:3001–2.
- Sham WK, Dirani M, Chong YS, Hornbeak DM, Gazzard G, Li J, et al. Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children. Eye 2010; 24: 875-80.
- Shirzadeh E, Kooshki A, Mohammadi M. The relationship between breastfeeding and measurements of refraction and visual acuity in primary school children. Breastfeed Med 2016;11:235-8.
- Tajbakhsh Z, Talebnejad MR, Khalili MR, Masoumpour MS, Mahdaviazad H, Mohammadi E, et al. The prevalence of refractive error in schoolchildren. Clin Exp Optom 2022;105:860-4.
- Liu S, Ye S, Wang Q, Cao Y, Zhang X. Breastfeeding and myopia: A cross-sectional study of children aged 6-12 years in Tianjin, China. Sci Rep 2018;8:10025.
- Shoji H, Shimizu T. Effect of human breast milk on biological metabolism in infants. Pediatr Int 2019;61:6-15.
- Huo L, Qi Y, Zhao S. Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1-18 months in Tianjin, China. BMC Ophthalmol 2021;21:403.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Surgery |
| Journal Section | ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 3, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 25, 2023 |
| Submission Date | December 19, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 4 |
The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.
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