Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Salih Murat Uzdilek's 1931 Report on Turkey's Educational System: “What is the State of Technical Training and Higher Education Institutions in Our Country?”

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 31, 31.03.2024

Abstract

Salih Murat Uzdilek is one of the leading educators and scientists of the early years of the Republic of Türkiye. After his military service in the Ottoman Empire, he worked as a physics and mathematics teacher in different educational institutions during the Republican years and as an academic at the Higher School of Engineering (today’s Istanbul Technical University) for over 40 years. While a faculty member at the Higher School of Engineering, he went to Europe to conduct research and returned home at the end of March. Salih Murat Bey was assigned by the Higher School of Engineering and the Ministry of Nafia and traveled to some European countries, where he visited technical schools, universities and some high schools and made observations. Salih Murat Bey wrote a technical report on his impressions and findings and submitted it to the relevant authorities. The report is in the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye, Directorate of State Archives. It is registered in the Republican Archives of the Presidency under the Prime Ministry General Directorate of Offical Affairs Fond (30-10-0-0) with the sequence number 141-10-5. The report, which is the subject of this study, is about the general education system, the technical education system and especially mathematics and physics education in Türkiye. He identified the developments in the field of science in the world at the time he wrote the report and discussed in detail Türkiye's shortcomings in this field and what needed to be done to correct them.

References

  • Arslan, A. (2010). Darülfünundan üniversiteye [From Darülfünun to university]. Symposium of Education Policies in Rebuplican Era, (pp. 201-250). Ataturk Research Centre.
  • Bahadır, O. (2001). Cumhuriyetin ilk bilim dergileri ve modernleşme [The first science journals of the republic and modernisation]. İzdüşüm.
  • Baltacıoğlu, A. (2018). Müderris Tevfik (Subaşı), 1879-1954 [Professor Tevfik (Subaşı), 1879-1954]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 19(2), 153-186. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.362634
  • Baytal, Y. (2000). Tanzimat ve II. Abdülhamid dönemi eğitim politikaları [Education Policies of the Tanzimat and Abdulhamid II periods]. Journal of The Center for Ottoman Studies, 11(11), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1501/OTAM_0000000440
  • Berkes, N. (1998). The development of secularism in Turkey. Hurst Company.
  • Birbudak, T. S. (2012). Meşrutiyet ve milli mücadele yıllarında eğitim (1876-1922) [Education during the Constitution and national struggle (1876-1922)]. History of Turkish Education, (pp. 208-230). Otorite.
  • Birbudak, T. S. (2022). Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi’nin (TÜBA) kuruluş çalışmalarına dair: 1960 tarihli rapor ve tasarı [On the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of Turkey (TUBA): 1960 dated report and draft]. In N. Hayta, M. A. Çakmak, T. S. Birbudak, K. Toptaş & S. Yakar (Eds.), Bir ömür tarihle yaşamak: Prof. Dr. Refik Turan [Living with history for lifetime: Prof. Dr. Refik Turan]. (pp. 741-750). Berikan.
  • Coşkun, A. (1998). Devlet adamı Hasan Âli Yücel [A statesman Hasan Âli Yücel]. Hasan Ali Yücel Symposium on the 100th Anniversary of his Birth, (pp. 217-253). Dokuz Eylul University.
  • Doğan, H. (1983). Mesleki ve teknik eğitimin ilkeleri ve gelişmesi [Principles and development of vocational and technical education]. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (AUJFES), 16(1), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000941
  • Duman, T. (2010). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik öğretimin gelişimi [Development of vocational and technical education in Turkey]. Republican Period Education Policies Symposium, (pp. 173-188). Ataturk Research Centre.
  • Etker, Ş. (2007). Salih Murat Uzdilek ve logaritmanın Türkiye’ye girişi [Prof. Salih Murat Uzdilek and the ‘Introduction of logarithms into Turkey]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 8(2), 55-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/13245
  • Eyice, S. (1968). Atatürk’ün büyük bir tarih yazdırma teşebbüsü: Türk tarihinin ana hatları [Atatürk's attempt to write a great history: Outlines of Turkish history]. Belleten, 32(128), 509-526. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2733928
  • Hayta, N., & Ünal, U. (2014). Innovation movements in the Ottoman Empire. Gazi.
  • Istanbul Philarmonic Society (IPS). (2023, May). Tüzük [Charter]. İstanbul Philharmonic Society Official Website. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://istanbulfilarmoni.org/hakkimizda/tuzuk/
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (1958). 1957-1958 Teknik üniversite günü [1957-1958 Technical University Day]. Berksoy.
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (1960). 1959-1960 Teknik üniversite günü [1959-1960 Technical University Day]. Technical University.
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (2021, May). Tarihçe [History]. İstanbul Technical University Official Website. Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://mines.itu.edu.tr/hakkimizda/tarihce
  • İnönü, E., & Bahadır, O. (2007). First researchers in basic sciences in Turkey. Büke Books.
  • Kadıoğlu, S. (2015). Türkiye’de bilimin popülerleşmesi ve maddiyat dergisi, 1925-26 [Popularisation of science in Turkey: A case study on the journal Maddiyat, 1925-26]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 16(2), 33-51. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/673535
  • Kadıoğlu, S. (2016). Popularizing science in Turkey during World War II: A case study on the Journal Fen ve Teknik (Science and Technique). Eyüp Sarıtaş (Ed.). Cultural and Humanities Research, (pp. 59–66). Trafford.
  • Kartal, S. (2018). Tek parti döneminde toplanan Milli Eğitim Şuralarında alınan kararların eğitimin siyasi işlevi açısından analizi [Analysing the decisions taken in the National Education Councils held during the single party period in terms of the political function of education]. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research, 5(11), 196-203.
  • Kılınç, M. (2015). Türkiye’de 2. Meşrutiyet dönemi mesleki teknik yüksekokullarının tarihi gelişimi [The historical development of vocational technical colleges in the 2nd constitutional period in Turkey]. International Journal of Social Science Research, 4(2), 14–38. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/382005
  • Koçyiğit, Ö. K. (2019). II. Abdülhamid dönemindeki mesleki okulların modernleşmeye etkileri [The effects of occupational schools on modernization in the period of II. Abdulhamid]. (Publication No. 553719) [Master thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University]. National Thesis Center.
  • Küçük, S. (2017). Cumhuriyet’in ilk bilim dergilerinin bilim toplumu inşasındaki rolü [The role of the first science journals of the Republic in the construction of a scientific society]. Ahmet Bican Ercilasun (Ed.), Tribute to Bahaeddin Yediyıldız, (pp. 253-266). Research Institute of Turkish Culture.
  • Lostar F. İ. (2019). Muhafazakâr basının modernizm, bilim ve teknolojiye yaklaşımı: Büyük doğu örneği (1949-1959). [Conservative press’ approach on modernism, science and technology: The case of Great East (1949-1959)]. Ankara University İlef Journal, 6(2), 307-328. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.654023
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE). (2021). Tarihçemiz [Our history]. Republic of Turkiye Ministry of National Education. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://mtegm.meb.gov.tr/www/tarihcemiz/icerik/20
  • Nebioğlu, O. (1962). Türkiye’de kim kimdir [Who is who in Turkey]. Nebioğlu.
  • Okay, M. B. (1992). Büyük doğu [Big east]. Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 6, (pp. 513-514). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Özcan, N., & Çetinkaya, Y. (2020). Mûsiki. [Music] Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 31, (pp. 257-261). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Özcan, N. (2020). Mûsiki mecmuası [Magazine of music]. Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 31, (pp. 263-264). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Republican Archives of the Presidency (RAP). (1925). Erzincanlı P. Bnb. Hüseyin Avni'nin emekliye sevki (30-11-1-0/19-47-8). [The retirement of P. Bnb. Hüseyin Avni from Erzincan]. RAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Republican Archives of the Presidency (RAP). (1931). Report of Uzdilek, S. M. (1931). Memleketimizde teknik terbiye ile yüksek ilim müessesleri ne haldedir? (30-10-0-0/141-10-5) [What is the state of technical training and higher education institutions in our country?]. RAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archives of the Presidency (OAP). (1912). Donanma-yı Hümayun adına telsiz telgraf tahsili için Kasımpaşalı Salih Murad ve Cemal efendilerin Londra'ya gönderildikleri (HR.SFR.3. 665/46) [Salih Murad and Cemal Efendi of Kasımpaşalı were sent to London to study wireless telegraphy on behalf of the Navy]. OAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archives of the Presidency (OAP). (1913). İngiltere'de tahsilde bulunan Bahriye Mülazımı Salih Murad Efendi'nin General Electric Company Fabrikası'ndaki müddetini tamamlayıncaya kadar her sene tatil zamanında derslere devamı için mezkur fabrika nezdinde teşebbüste bulunulup maaşlarının ödendiğine dair Hariciye ve Osmanlı Bankası ile vaki muhaberat (HR.SFR.3. 693/18) [Correspondence with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ottoman Bank regarding the fact that the aforementioned factory has attempted to pay the salaries of Salih Murad Efendi, a naval officer studying in England, for his attendance at the General Electric Company Factory every year during the holidays until he completes his term]. OAP.
  • Sürelsan, İ. B. (1995). Mehmet Suphi Ezgi. [Mehmet Suphi Ezgi] Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 6, (pp. 51-52). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Şahin, A. A. (2015). Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e kadar eğitim sistemi, yönetimi ve denetimi [Educational system from Tanzimat to Republic: It's administration and scrutiny]. (Publication No. 407606) [Master thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. National Thesis Center.
  • The Vakit. (1931a). 8 Ocak 1931 tarihli Vakit Gazetesi [Vakit Newspaper dated 8 January 1931]. (No: 4671), Vakit. Retrieved January 8, 2023, from https://www.gastearsivi.com/gazete/vakit/1931-01-08/8
  • The Vakit. (1931b). 25 Mart 1931 tarihli Vakit Gazetesi [Vakit Newspaper dated 25 March 1931]. (No: 4744), Vakit. Retrieved March 25, 2023, from https://www.gastearsivi.com/gazete/vakit/1931-03-25/1
  • Topçuoğlu, E. E. (2013). Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil’in Yeni Sabah Gazetesi’ndeki 1951-1953 yazıları [Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil's articles between 1951-1953 in the Yeni Sabah daily newspaper: Review-full text]. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Turkish Mathematichal Society (TMS). (2023). Turkish Mathematichal Society official website, founders. Retrieved March 24, 2023, fromhttps://tmd.org.tr/hakkimizda/genel-bilgi/
  • Turkish Pyhsics Society (TPS). (1950). Turkish Physics Society official website, history. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from http://tfd.com.tr/Sayfalar/10/Tarihce-.html
  • Ünal, U. (2012). III. Selim’den Meşrutiyet’e Osmanlı eğitimi (1789-1876) [Ottoman education from Selim III to Constitution (1789-1876)]. History of Turkish Education, 181-207. Otorite.

Salih Murat Uzdilek’in Türkiyenin Eğitim Sistemine Dair 1931 Tarihli Raporu: “Memleketimizde Teknik Terbiye ile Yüksek İlim Müesseseleri Ne Haldedir?”

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 31, 31.03.2024

Abstract

Salih Murat Uzdilek, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarının önde gelen eğitimci ve bilim insanlarından biridir. Osmanlı Devleti zamanında başlayan askerlik hayatının ardından Cumhuriyet yıllarında farklı eğitim kurumlarında fizik ve matematik öğretmenlikleriyle birlikte 40 yıldan uzun süre Yüksek Mühendis Mektebi’nde (sonrasında İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi) akademisyen olarak görev yapmıştır. Kendisi Yüksek Mühendis Okulunda öğretim üyesi iken, Avrupa’da incelemelerde bulunmak üzere bir seyahate çıkmış, 1931 yılı Mart ayı sonlarında yurda geri dönmüştür. Yüksek Mühendis Mektebi ve Nafia Vekâleti tarafından görevlendirilen Salih Murat Bey, bazı Avrupa ülkelerine giderek teknik eğitim veren okulları, üniversiteleri ve bazı liseleri ziyaret ederek gözlemlerde bulunmuştur. Salih Murat Bey, izlenim ve tespitlerine ait teknik bir rapor yazarak ilgili makamlara sunmuştur. Rapor bugün Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı bünyesinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi'nde Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Fonunda (30-10-0-0) 141-10-5 sıra numarası ile kayıtlıdır. Salih Murat Bey tarafından yazılan rapor aslında iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan rapor, Türkiye’de genel eğitim sistemi, teknik eğitim sistemi ve özellikle de matematik ve fizik eğitimi hakkındadır. Salih Murat Bey, raporun yazıldığı dönemde dünyada bilim sahasında yaşanan gelişmeleri tespit etmiş, Türkiye’nin bu konudaki eksiklerini ve bunların düzeltilmesi için yapılması gerekenleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde tartışmıştır.

References

  • Arslan, A. (2010). Darülfünundan üniversiteye [From Darülfünun to university]. Symposium of Education Policies in Rebuplican Era, (pp. 201-250). Ataturk Research Centre.
  • Bahadır, O. (2001). Cumhuriyetin ilk bilim dergileri ve modernleşme [The first science journals of the republic and modernisation]. İzdüşüm.
  • Baltacıoğlu, A. (2018). Müderris Tevfik (Subaşı), 1879-1954 [Professor Tevfik (Subaşı), 1879-1954]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 19(2), 153-186. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.362634
  • Baytal, Y. (2000). Tanzimat ve II. Abdülhamid dönemi eğitim politikaları [Education Policies of the Tanzimat and Abdulhamid II periods]. Journal of The Center for Ottoman Studies, 11(11), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1501/OTAM_0000000440
  • Berkes, N. (1998). The development of secularism in Turkey. Hurst Company.
  • Birbudak, T. S. (2012). Meşrutiyet ve milli mücadele yıllarında eğitim (1876-1922) [Education during the Constitution and national struggle (1876-1922)]. History of Turkish Education, (pp. 208-230). Otorite.
  • Birbudak, T. S. (2022). Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi’nin (TÜBA) kuruluş çalışmalarına dair: 1960 tarihli rapor ve tasarı [On the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of Turkey (TUBA): 1960 dated report and draft]. In N. Hayta, M. A. Çakmak, T. S. Birbudak, K. Toptaş & S. Yakar (Eds.), Bir ömür tarihle yaşamak: Prof. Dr. Refik Turan [Living with history for lifetime: Prof. Dr. Refik Turan]. (pp. 741-750). Berikan.
  • Coşkun, A. (1998). Devlet adamı Hasan Âli Yücel [A statesman Hasan Âli Yücel]. Hasan Ali Yücel Symposium on the 100th Anniversary of his Birth, (pp. 217-253). Dokuz Eylul University.
  • Doğan, H. (1983). Mesleki ve teknik eğitimin ilkeleri ve gelişmesi [Principles and development of vocational and technical education]. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (AUJFES), 16(1), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000941
  • Duman, T. (2010). Türkiye’de mesleki ve teknik öğretimin gelişimi [Development of vocational and technical education in Turkey]. Republican Period Education Policies Symposium, (pp. 173-188). Ataturk Research Centre.
  • Etker, Ş. (2007). Salih Murat Uzdilek ve logaritmanın Türkiye’ye girişi [Prof. Salih Murat Uzdilek and the ‘Introduction of logarithms into Turkey]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 8(2), 55-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/13245
  • Eyice, S. (1968). Atatürk’ün büyük bir tarih yazdırma teşebbüsü: Türk tarihinin ana hatları [Atatürk's attempt to write a great history: Outlines of Turkish history]. Belleten, 32(128), 509-526. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2733928
  • Hayta, N., & Ünal, U. (2014). Innovation movements in the Ottoman Empire. Gazi.
  • Istanbul Philarmonic Society (IPS). (2023, May). Tüzük [Charter]. İstanbul Philharmonic Society Official Website. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://istanbulfilarmoni.org/hakkimizda/tuzuk/
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (1958). 1957-1958 Teknik üniversite günü [1957-1958 Technical University Day]. Berksoy.
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (1960). 1959-1960 Teknik üniversite günü [1959-1960 Technical University Day]. Technical University.
  • Istanbul Technical University (ITU). (2021, May). Tarihçe [History]. İstanbul Technical University Official Website. Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://mines.itu.edu.tr/hakkimizda/tarihce
  • İnönü, E., & Bahadır, O. (2007). First researchers in basic sciences in Turkey. Büke Books.
  • Kadıoğlu, S. (2015). Türkiye’de bilimin popülerleşmesi ve maddiyat dergisi, 1925-26 [Popularisation of science in Turkey: A case study on the journal Maddiyat, 1925-26]. Studies in Ottoman Science, 16(2), 33-51. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/673535
  • Kadıoğlu, S. (2016). Popularizing science in Turkey during World War II: A case study on the Journal Fen ve Teknik (Science and Technique). Eyüp Sarıtaş (Ed.). Cultural and Humanities Research, (pp. 59–66). Trafford.
  • Kartal, S. (2018). Tek parti döneminde toplanan Milli Eğitim Şuralarında alınan kararların eğitimin siyasi işlevi açısından analizi [Analysing the decisions taken in the National Education Councils held during the single party period in terms of the political function of education]. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research, 5(11), 196-203.
  • Kılınç, M. (2015). Türkiye’de 2. Meşrutiyet dönemi mesleki teknik yüksekokullarının tarihi gelişimi [The historical development of vocational technical colleges in the 2nd constitutional period in Turkey]. International Journal of Social Science Research, 4(2), 14–38. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/382005
  • Koçyiğit, Ö. K. (2019). II. Abdülhamid dönemindeki mesleki okulların modernleşmeye etkileri [The effects of occupational schools on modernization in the period of II. Abdulhamid]. (Publication No. 553719) [Master thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University]. National Thesis Center.
  • Küçük, S. (2017). Cumhuriyet’in ilk bilim dergilerinin bilim toplumu inşasındaki rolü [The role of the first science journals of the Republic in the construction of a scientific society]. Ahmet Bican Ercilasun (Ed.), Tribute to Bahaeddin Yediyıldız, (pp. 253-266). Research Institute of Turkish Culture.
  • Lostar F. İ. (2019). Muhafazakâr basının modernizm, bilim ve teknolojiye yaklaşımı: Büyük doğu örneği (1949-1959). [Conservative press’ approach on modernism, science and technology: The case of Great East (1949-1959)]. Ankara University İlef Journal, 6(2), 307-328. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.654023
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE). (2021). Tarihçemiz [Our history]. Republic of Turkiye Ministry of National Education. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://mtegm.meb.gov.tr/www/tarihcemiz/icerik/20
  • Nebioğlu, O. (1962). Türkiye’de kim kimdir [Who is who in Turkey]. Nebioğlu.
  • Okay, M. B. (1992). Büyük doğu [Big east]. Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 6, (pp. 513-514). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Özcan, N., & Çetinkaya, Y. (2020). Mûsiki. [Music] Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 31, (pp. 257-261). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Özcan, N. (2020). Mûsiki mecmuası [Magazine of music]. Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 31, (pp. 263-264). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Republican Archives of the Presidency (RAP). (1925). Erzincanlı P. Bnb. Hüseyin Avni'nin emekliye sevki (30-11-1-0/19-47-8). [The retirement of P. Bnb. Hüseyin Avni from Erzincan]. RAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Republican Archives of the Presidency (RAP). (1931). Report of Uzdilek, S. M. (1931). Memleketimizde teknik terbiye ile yüksek ilim müessesleri ne haldedir? (30-10-0-0/141-10-5) [What is the state of technical training and higher education institutions in our country?]. RAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archives of the Presidency (OAP). (1912). Donanma-yı Hümayun adına telsiz telgraf tahsili için Kasımpaşalı Salih Murad ve Cemal efendilerin Londra'ya gönderildikleri (HR.SFR.3. 665/46) [Salih Murad and Cemal Efendi of Kasımpaşalı were sent to London to study wireless telegraphy on behalf of the Navy]. OAP.
  • Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Directorate of State Archives, Ottoman Archives of the Presidency (OAP). (1913). İngiltere'de tahsilde bulunan Bahriye Mülazımı Salih Murad Efendi'nin General Electric Company Fabrikası'ndaki müddetini tamamlayıncaya kadar her sene tatil zamanında derslere devamı için mezkur fabrika nezdinde teşebbüste bulunulup maaşlarının ödendiğine dair Hariciye ve Osmanlı Bankası ile vaki muhaberat (HR.SFR.3. 693/18) [Correspondence with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ottoman Bank regarding the fact that the aforementioned factory has attempted to pay the salaries of Salih Murad Efendi, a naval officer studying in England, for his attendance at the General Electric Company Factory every year during the holidays until he completes his term]. OAP.
  • Sürelsan, İ. B. (1995). Mehmet Suphi Ezgi. [Mehmet Suphi Ezgi] Diyanet Encyclopaedia of Islam, 6, (pp. 51-52). Turkey Diyanet Foundation.
  • Şahin, A. A. (2015). Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e kadar eğitim sistemi, yönetimi ve denetimi [Educational system from Tanzimat to Republic: It's administration and scrutiny]. (Publication No. 407606) [Master thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. National Thesis Center.
  • The Vakit. (1931a). 8 Ocak 1931 tarihli Vakit Gazetesi [Vakit Newspaper dated 8 January 1931]. (No: 4671), Vakit. Retrieved January 8, 2023, from https://www.gastearsivi.com/gazete/vakit/1931-01-08/8
  • The Vakit. (1931b). 25 Mart 1931 tarihli Vakit Gazetesi [Vakit Newspaper dated 25 March 1931]. (No: 4744), Vakit. Retrieved March 25, 2023, from https://www.gastearsivi.com/gazete/vakit/1931-03-25/1
  • Topçuoğlu, E. E. (2013). Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil’in Yeni Sabah Gazetesi’ndeki 1951-1953 yazıları [Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil's articles between 1951-1953 in the Yeni Sabah daily newspaper: Review-full text]. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Turkish Mathematichal Society (TMS). (2023). Turkish Mathematichal Society official website, founders. Retrieved March 24, 2023, fromhttps://tmd.org.tr/hakkimizda/genel-bilgi/
  • Turkish Pyhsics Society (TPS). (1950). Turkish Physics Society official website, history. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from http://tfd.com.tr/Sayfalar/10/Tarihce-.html
  • Ünal, U. (2012). III. Selim’den Meşrutiyet’e Osmanlı eğitimi (1789-1876) [Ottoman education from Selim III to Constitution (1789-1876)]. History of Turkish Education, 181-207. Otorite.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects History of Ottoman Education
Journal Section Review
Authors

Togay Seçkin Birbudak 0000-0001-6750-1334

Tuğba Belenli 0000-0002-5923-9222

Early Pub Date March 30, 2024
Publication Date March 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Birbudak, T. S., & Belenli, T. (2024). Salih Murat Uzdilek’s 1931 Report on Turkey’s Educational System: “What is the State of Technical Training and Higher Education Institutions in Our Country?”. Türk Akademik Yayınlar Dergisi (TAY Journal), 8(1), 1-31.

25622   2841219117  1911819119                27281 27284 27285 27290   27291 27292 27294 28976