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Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of disabled children

Year 2008, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 6 - 11, 11.05.2009

Abstract

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi
TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2008 Mart; 15 (1)


Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of disabled children



Gonca Bumin*, Ayla Günal**, Şermin Tükel***



*Hacettepe University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.

**Süleyman Demirel University, School of Health Science, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Isparta, Turkey

***Tohum Autism Foundation, İstanbul, Turkey



Özet



Özürlü çocukların annelerinde anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi



Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı özürlü çocukların annelerinde anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışma Ankara'da 3 ayrı rehabilitasyon merkezinde yapıldı. Çalışmaya 107 özürlü çocuk annesi dahil edildi. Depresyon düzeyini değerlendirmek için Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), anksiyete düzeyini değerlendirmek için Durumluluk-Süreklilik Kaygı Ölçeği (DSKÖ) ve yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) uygulandı.Değerlendirmeler çocukların rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde tedavileri esnasında yapıldı. Bulgular: BDÖ verilerine göre ortalama puan 14.22, SD:13.03, DKÖ puanı 41.95, SD: 6.55 ve SKÖ puanı 47.27, SD:7.94 idi. BDÖ ile SKÖ arasında (r:0.348, p0.01) ve BDÖ ile NSP'nin tüm alt maddeleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (emosyonel reaksiyon-ER r:0.622, enerji düzeyi-ED r:0.416, ağrı r: 0.463, uyku r:0.429, fiziksel yetenekler-FY r:0.422, sosyal izolasyon-Sİ r:0.587, p0.01). SKÖ ile NSP arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (ER r:0.271, p0.01, ED r:0.206, p0.05, uyku r:0.252, p0.01). Ayrıca annelerin eğitim düzeyi ile SKÖ arasında (r:-0.209, p0.05) ve NSP arasında negatif bir ilişki vardı (r:-0.240, p0.05). Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızın sonuçları özürlü çocukların annelerinde önemli derecede anksiyete ve depresyon olduğunu gösterdi. Depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyinin artması annelerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilemekteydi. Etkili rehabilitasyon programları yalnızca çocukların özür düzeyleri ile ilgili bilgilendirmedeğil aynı zamanda anneler için psikolojik destek sağlayacak tekrarlı takipleri içermelidir.



Anahtar kelimeler: Depresyon, anksiyete, yaşam kalitesi, özürlü çocuk anneleri



Abstract



Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of disabled children



Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among anxiety and depression with quality of life in mothers with disabled children. Methods: The study was performed three rehabilitation centers in Ankara. One hundred and seven disabled children's mothers included of the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Nottingham Health Profile's Part -1 (NHP) were used to assess depression, anxiety and quality of life of mothers. The assessments were performed during children's treatment in rehabilitation centers. Results: The mean score on the BDI was 14.22, SD:13.03, SAI was 41.95, SD: 6.55 and TAI was 47.27, SD:7.94. There was a significant correlation between BDI and TAI (r: 0.348, p0.01) and all subscales of NHP (emotional reaction-ER r: 0.622, energy level-EL r: 0.416, pain r: 0.463, sleep r: 0.429, physical mobility-PM r: 0.422, social isolation-SI r: 0.587, p0.01). There was a significant correlation between TAI and ER (r: 0.271, p0.01) EL (r: 0.206, p0.05) sleep (r: 0.252, p0.01) of NHP. There was a significant correlation between mother's education level and TAI (r:-0.209, p0.05). There was a significant correlation between mother's education level and NHP pain scale (r:-0.240, p0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that mothers with disabled children have anxiety and depression. Increased depression and anxiety level affected with badly in mother's quality of life. The effective rehabilitation programs should provide sufficient opportunities for repeated follow-up interviews which offer not only information on the children's disabilities but also psychological support for the mothers.



Keywords: Depression, anxiety, mothers have disabled children, quality of life.

References

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  • Smith TB, Innocenti MS, Boyce GC, Smith CS. Depressive symptomatology and interaction behaviors of mothers having a child with disabilities. Psyhol Rep. 1993;73: 1184-6.
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  • Mu PF, Kuo HC, Chang KP. Boundary ambiguity, coping patterns and depression in mothers caring for children with epilepsy in Taiwan. Int J Nurs Stud. 11 2005;42: 273-82.
  • Rudolph M, Rosanowski F, Eysholdt U, Kummer P. Anxiety and depression in mothers of speech impaired children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67: 1337-41.
  • Bolton PF, Pickles A, Murphy M, Rutter M. Autism, affective and other psychiatric disorders: patterns of familial aggregation. Psychol Med. 1998; 28:385- 95.
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  • Ryde- Brandt B.Anxiety and depression in mothers of children with psychotic disorders and mental retardation. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156: 118-21.
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  • Von Essen L, Sjoden PO, Mattsson E. Swedish mothers and fathers of a child diagnosed with cancer- a look at their quality of life. Acta Oncol. 2004;43: 474-9.
  • Warschburger P, Buchholz HT, Petermann F. Psychological adjustment in parents of young children with atopic dermatitis: which factors predict parental quality of life? Br J Dermatol 2004;150:304-11.
  • Faulkner MS, Clark FS.Quality of life for parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 1998;24:721-7.
  • Dalheim- Englund AC, Rydstrom I, Rasmussen BH, Moller C, Sandman PO. Having a child with asthma – quality of life for Swedish parents. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13:386-95.
  • Press J, Neumann L, Uziel Y, Bolotin A, Buskila D. Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2002;21: 280-3.
  • Weigl V, Rudolph M, Eysholdt U, Rosanowski F. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of children with cleft. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57: 20-7.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Geçerliliði (A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory). J Psychol 1988;6: 118-22 (in Turkish, no English abstract available).
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  • Baker BL, Heller TL, Henker B. Expressed Emotion, Parenting Stress ,and Adjustment in mothers of young children with behavior problems. J Child Psychiat 2000;41: 907-15.
  • Manne S, Ostroff J, Martini R, Mee L, Sexson S, Nereo N, DuHamel K, Parsons S, Williams S, Lewis J, Vicberg SJ, Redd WH. Anxiety and depression in mothers of children undergoing bone marrow transplant: Symptom prevalence and use of the beck depression and beck anxiety inventories as screening instruments. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:1037-47.
  • Barnett WS, Boyce GC. Effects of children with Down Syndrome on parents’ activities. Am J Ment Retard .1995;100: 115-27.
  • Taanila A, Jarvelin MR, Kokkonen J. Cohesion and parents’ social relations in families with a child with disability or chronic illness. Int J Rehabil Res 1999;22:101-9.
  • Geerlings SW, Twisk JWR, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Tilburg WV. Longitudinal relationship between pain and depression in older adults: sex, age and physical disability. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol
  • Wallander JL, Pitt LC, Mellins CA. Child functional independence and maternal psychosocial stress as risk factors threatening adaptation in mothers of physically or sensorially handicapped children. J Consult Clin
  • Psychol. 1990;58: 818-24.
Year 2008, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 6 - 11, 11.05.2009

Abstract

References

  • Ellis JB, Hirsch JK. Reasons for living in parents of developmentally delayed children. Res Dev Disabil. 2000; 21: 323-7.
  • Smith TB, Innocenti MS, Boyce GC, Smith CS. Depressive symptomatology and interaction behaviors of mothers having a child with disabilities. Psyhol Rep. 1993;73: 1184-6.
  • Glidden LM, Schoolcraft SA. Depression: its trajectory and correlates in mothers rearing children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res.
  • Ganong L, Doty ME, Gayer D. Mothers in postdivorce families caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. Nurs. 2003;18:332-43
  • Hodes M, Garralda ME, Rose G, Schwartz R. Maternal expressed emotion and adjustment in children with epilepsy. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 1999;40: 1083-93.
  • Mu PF, Kuo HC, Chang KP. Boundary ambiguity, coping patterns and depression in mothers caring for children with epilepsy in Taiwan. Int J Nurs Stud. 11 2005;42: 273-82.
  • Rudolph M, Rosanowski F, Eysholdt U, Kummer P. Anxiety and depression in mothers of speech impaired children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67: 1337-41.
  • Bolton PF, Pickles A, Murphy M, Rutter M. Autism, affective and other psychiatric disorders: patterns of familial aggregation. Psychol Med. 1998; 28:385- 95.
  • Holroyd J, Brown N, Wikler L, Simmons JQ. Stress in families of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized autistic children. J Community Psychol. 1975;3: 26-31.
  • Sanders JL, Morgan SB. Family stress and adjustment as perceived by parents of children with autism or Down syndrome: Implications for intervention. Child & Family Behavior Therapy. 1997;19: 15-32.
  • Ryde- Brandt B.Anxiety and depression in mothers of children with psychotic disorders and mental retardation. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156: 118-21.
  • Manuel J, Naughton MJ, Balkrishnan R, Smith BP, Koman LA. Stress and adaptation in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28: 197- 201.
  • Ong LC, Afifah I, Sofiah A, Lye MS. Parenting stress among mothers of Malaysian children with cerebral palsy: predictors of child-and parent-related stress. Ann Trop Paediatr.1998;18: 301-7.
  • Gerberding JL (2002) www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/terminology.htm
  • Lawoko S, Soares JJ. Quality of life among parents of children with congenital heart disease, parents of children with other diseases and parents of healthy children. Qual Life Res. 2003;12: 655-66.
  • Von Essen L, Sjoden PO, Mattsson E. Swedish mothers and fathers of a child diagnosed with cancer- a look at their quality of life. Acta Oncol. 2004;43: 474-9.
  • Warschburger P, Buchholz HT, Petermann F. Psychological adjustment in parents of young children with atopic dermatitis: which factors predict parental quality of life? Br J Dermatol 2004;150:304-11.
  • Faulkner MS, Clark FS.Quality of life for parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 1998;24:721-7.
  • Dalheim- Englund AC, Rydstrom I, Rasmussen BH, Moller C, Sandman PO. Having a child with asthma – quality of life for Swedish parents. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13:386-95.
  • Press J, Neumann L, Uziel Y, Bolotin A, Buskila D. Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2002;21: 280-3.
  • Weigl V, Rudolph M, Eysholdt U, Rosanowski F. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of children with cleft. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2005;57: 20-7.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Geçerliliði (A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory). J Psychol 1988;6: 118-22 (in Turkish, no English abstract available).
  • Tegin B. Turkish version of Beck Depression Inventory. Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, 1980.
  • Spielberger CD, Gorsuch Lushene RE. STAI manual for the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1970.
  • Öner N, LeCompte A. Hand Book of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Turkey: Boðaziçi University Press. No. 333,1998.
  • European Group for Quality of Life Assessment and Health Measurement European Guide to the Nottingham Health Profile. Brookwood, Surrey: Brookwood Medical Publications, 1993.
  • Küçükdeveci AA, Mckenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasýl T. The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res 2000;23: 31-8.
  • Baker BL, Heller TL, Henker B. Expressed Emotion, Parenting Stress ,and Adjustment in mothers of young children with behavior problems. J Child Psychiat 2000;41: 907-15.
  • Manne S, Ostroff J, Martini R, Mee L, Sexson S, Nereo N, DuHamel K, Parsons S, Williams S, Lewis J, Vicberg SJ, Redd WH. Anxiety and depression in mothers of children undergoing bone marrow transplant: Symptom prevalence and use of the beck depression and beck anxiety inventories as screening instruments. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:1037-47.
  • Barnett WS, Boyce GC. Effects of children with Down Syndrome on parents’ activities. Am J Ment Retard .1995;100: 115-27.
  • Taanila A, Jarvelin MR, Kokkonen J. Cohesion and parents’ social relations in families with a child with disability or chronic illness. Int J Rehabil Res 1999;22:101-9.
  • Geerlings SW, Twisk JWR, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Tilburg WV. Longitudinal relationship between pain and depression in older adults: sex, age and physical disability. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol
  • Wallander JL, Pitt LC, Mellins CA. Child functional independence and maternal psychosocial stress as risk factors threatening adaptation in mothers of physically or sensorially handicapped children. J Consult Clin
  • Psychol. 1990;58: 818-24.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gonca Bumin

Ayla Günal This is me

Şermin Tükel This is me

Publication Date May 11, 2009
Submission Date May 11, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Bumin G, Günal A, Tükel Ş. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in mothers of disabled children. Med J SDU. 2009;15(1):6-11.

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