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Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 421 - 463, 29.06.2023

Elif Iliman Püsküllüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1184741

Abstract

References

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  • Driessen, G., Agirdag, O., & Merry, M. S. (2016). The gross and net effects of primary school denomination on pupil performance. Educational Review, 68(4), 466-480. DOI: 10.1080/00131911.2015.1135880
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  • Gennaioli, N., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Human capital and regional development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 105-164. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/shleifer/files/human_capital_qje_final.pdf
  • Gumus, E. & Sisman. M. (2014). Egitim ekonomisi ve planlamasi (2. bs). Pegem Akademi.
  • Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.04.005 Iliman Puskulluoglu, E. & Ekinci, C. E. (2018). Orgutlerde entelektuel sermaye ve yonetimi. In Yonetim ve Egitim Yonetimi Kuramlari (Ed. K. Demir & K. Yılmaz) (pp. 357-385). Pegem.
  • Jeynes, W. H. (2012). A meta-analysis on the effects and contributions of public, public charter, and religious schools on student outcomes. Peabody Journal of Education, 87(3), 305-335. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41725437
  • Karaman, B. & Ozcalik, M. (2007). A result of income distribution inequality in Turkey: Child labour. Journal of Management and Economics, 14(1), 1-17. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/145936
  • Lee, J. W., & Lee, H. (2018). Human capital and income inequality. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 23(4), 554-583. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/401466/adbi-wp810.pdf
  • Lim, S. S., Updike, R. L., Kaldjian, A. S., Barber, R. M., Cowling, K., York, H., ... & Murray, C. J. (2018). Measuring human capital: a systematic analysis of 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016. The Lancet, 392(10154), 1217-1234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31941-X
  • Kraay, A. (2018). Methodology for a World Bank Human Capital Index. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 8593. http://www.worldbank.org/prwp.
  • Kroch, E. A., & Sjoblom, K. (1994). Schooling as human capital or a signal: Some evidence. Journal of Human Resources, 29(1),156-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/146060 Kurul, N. (2012). Egitim finansmanı (2. bs). Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Mincer, J. (1974). Progress in human capital analysis of the distribution of earnings. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, no:53. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w0053/w0053.pdf
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Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 421 - 463, 29.06.2023

Elif Iliman Püsküllüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1184741

Abstract

Educational indicators offer a straightforward means of gauging a country's education. Besides, evaluation based on these indicators is of great significance and value. Nonetheless, education does not take place in a vacuum, and thus these indicators are results of the conditions in a country. Particularly, time and money spent on education, the family's share in economic distribution play a role in determining the current state of education. So, this study aims to evaluate the current state of education in Turkey by examining human capital indices and income distribution in countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. For this purpose, the study uses data from the World Bank. The results of the study indicate that children born in developed countries can access near 80% of their potential upon reaching their productive age, compared to only 65% in Turkey. Additionally, Turkey has the greatest degree of income inequality, as indicated by its GINI coefficients, among other countries in the ECA region. Moreover, there are vast disparities between the income of the top 20% and the bottom 20% of Turkey’s population.

Keywords

Human Capital Human Capital Index Gini Coefficients Education Income Inequality Percentile Shares

References

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  • Alkin, E. (2022). İktisattan cikis. Destek Yayinlari.
  • Angrist, N., Djankov, S., Goldberg, P. K., & Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Measuring human capital using global learning data. Nature, 592(7854), 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03323-7
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  • Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital a theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education (3. ed.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Becker, G. S., & Chiswick, B. R. (1966). Education and the Distribution of Earnings. The American Economic Review, 56(1/2), 358-369. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1821299
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  • Coady, D., & Dizioli, A. (2018). Income inequality and education revisited: persistence, endogeneity, and heterogeneity. Applied Economics, 50(25), 2747-2761. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1406659
  • Denison, E. F. (1962). Education, economic growth, and gaps in information. Journal of Political Economy,70(5/2), 124-128. DOI: 10.1086/258729
  • Driessen, G., Agirdag, O., & Merry, M. S. (2016). The gross and net effects of primary school denomination on pupil performance. Educational Review, 68(4), 466-480. DOI: 10.1080/00131911.2015.1135880
  • D’Souza, R., Gatti, R. & Kraay, A. (2019). A socioeconomic disaggregation of World Bank Human Capital Index. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 9020). http://www.worldbank.org/prwp.
  • Emirkadi, O. (2020). Review on Turkey’s development process and its human capital performance. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 5(2), 121-131. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/joeep/issue/55982/764917
  • Filmer, D., Rogers, H., Angrist, N. & Sabarwal, S. (2018). Learning-adjusted years of schooling: Defining a new macro measure of education. (Policy Research Working Paper. 8591). World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30464
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  • Egilmez, M. (2022). Yapisal reformlar ve Turkiye. Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Galor, O., & J. Zeira (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. Review of Economic Studies, 60, 35–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297811
  • Gennaioli, N., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Human capital and regional development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 105-164. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/shleifer/files/human_capital_qje_final.pdf
  • Gumus, E. & Sisman. M. (2014). Egitim ekonomisi ve planlamasi (2. bs). Pegem Akademi.
  • Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.04.005 Iliman Puskulluoglu, E. & Ekinci, C. E. (2018). Orgutlerde entelektuel sermaye ve yonetimi. In Yonetim ve Egitim Yonetimi Kuramlari (Ed. K. Demir & K. Yılmaz) (pp. 357-385). Pegem.
  • Jeynes, W. H. (2012). A meta-analysis on the effects and contributions of public, public charter, and religious schools on student outcomes. Peabody Journal of Education, 87(3), 305-335. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41725437
  • Karaman, B. & Ozcalik, M. (2007). A result of income distribution inequality in Turkey: Child labour. Journal of Management and Economics, 14(1), 1-17. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/145936
  • Lee, J. W., & Lee, H. (2018). Human capital and income inequality. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 23(4), 554-583. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/401466/adbi-wp810.pdf
  • Lim, S. S., Updike, R. L., Kaldjian, A. S., Barber, R. M., Cowling, K., York, H., ... & Murray, C. J. (2018). Measuring human capital: a systematic analysis of 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016. The Lancet, 392(10154), 1217-1234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31941-X
  • Kraay, A. (2018). Methodology for a World Bank Human Capital Index. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 8593. http://www.worldbank.org/prwp.
  • Kroch, E. A., & Sjoblom, K. (1994). Schooling as human capital or a signal: Some evidence. Journal of Human Resources, 29(1),156-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/146060 Kurul, N. (2012). Egitim finansmanı (2. bs). Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Mincer, J. (1974). Progress in human capital analysis of the distribution of earnings. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, no:53. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w0053/w0053.pdf
  • Mincer, J. (1984). Human capital and economic growth. Economics of Education Review, 3(3), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7757(84)90032-3
  • Morgan, J. (1962). The anatomy of income distribution. The Review of Economics and Statics, 44(3). 270-283. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1926398.pdf
  • Murthi, M. & Sondergaard, L. (2010). Skills, not just diplomas: The path for education reforms in ECA. Europe and Central Asia, Knowledge Brief, Volume 20, 56702. The World Bank. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from http://hdl.handle.net/10986/10191
  • Moyo, C., Mishi, S., & Ncwadi, R. (2022) Human capital development, poverty, and income inequality in the Eastern Cape province. Development Studies Research, 9(1), 36-47, DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2022.2032236
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There are 77 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Iliman Püsküllüoğlu 0000-0001-9390-1139

Publication Date June 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Iliman Püsküllüoğlu, E. (2023). Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 8(2), 421-463. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1184741
AMA Iliman Püsküllüoğlu E. Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. June 2023;8(2):421-463. doi:10.30828/real.1184741
Chicago Iliman Püsküllüoğlu, Elif. “Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8, no. 2 (June 2023): 421-63. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1184741.
EndNote Iliman Püsküllüoğlu E (June 1, 2023) Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8 2 421–463.
IEEE E. Iliman Püsküllüoğlu, “Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey”, REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 421–463, 2023, doi: 10.30828/real.1184741.
ISNAD Iliman Püsküllüoğlu, Elif. “Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 8/2 (June 2023), 421-463. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1184741.
JAMA Iliman Püsküllüoğlu E. Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. 2023;8:421–463.
MLA Iliman Püsküllüoğlu, Elif. “Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey”. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 421-63, doi:10.30828/real.1184741.
Vancouver Iliman Püsküllüoğlu E. Investigation of Human Capital Index Value and Income Distrubution in European and Central Asian Countries: The Case of Turkey. REAL is a scholarly peer-reviewed publication. 2023;8(2):421-63.
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