Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 14 - 25, 12.09.2020

Sinan Kaya Mevlüt Kaya

Abstract

References

  • Aktaş H., & Yılmaz N. (2017). Smartphone addiction in terms of the elements of loneliness and shyness of university youth. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 85-100. doi:10.24289/ijsser.283590
  • Aljomaa, S. S., Qudah, M. F. A., Albursan, I. S., Bakhiet, S. F., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016). Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 155-164. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041
  • Argumosa-Villar, L., Boada-Grau, J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2017). Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Journal of adolescence, 56, 127-135. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.003
  • Bal, E., & Balci, Ş. (2020). Smartphone addiction: A study on efficacy of personality traits and usage patterns. Journal of Erciyes Communication, 7(1), 369-394. doi:10.17680/erciyesiletisim.654569
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences], (24th edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods], (7th edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Carvalho, L. F., Sette, C. P., & Ferrari, B. L. (2018). Problematic smartphone use relationship with pathological personality traits: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(3), Article 5. doi:10.5817/CP2018-3-5.
  • Çelik, C.B. (2018). Investigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction tendency, social safeness and psychological well-being. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 12(24), 195-206. doi:10.29329/mjer.2018.147.11
  • Celikkalp, U., Bilgic, S., Temel, M., & Varol, G. (2020). The smartphone addiction levels and the association with communication skills in nursing and medical school students. The journal of nursing research: JNR, 28(3), e93. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000370
  • Chen, B., Liu, F., Ding, S., Ying, X., Wang, L., & Wen, Y. (2017). Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1503-z.
  • Chiu, S. I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49-57. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024.
  • Cocoradă, E., Maican, C. I., Cazan, A. M., & Maican, M. A. (2018). Assessing the smartphone addiction risk and its associations with personality traits among adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 345-354. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.08.006
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları [Multivariate Statistics SPSS and LISREL Applications for Social Sciences], (2nd Edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Corbonell, X., Oberst, U., & Beranuy, M. (2013). The cell phone in the twenty-first century: A risk for addiction or neccesary tool. Principles of Addiction, 1, 901-909. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-398336-7.00091-7
  • Davey, S., & Davey, A. (2014). Assessment of smartphone addiction in Indian adolescents: A mixed method study by systematic-review and meta-analysis approach. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1500–1511.
  • Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 85-92. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
  • Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdaş, A., Akpınar, A. & Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 226-234. doi:10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
  • Dixit, S., Shukla, H., Bhagwat, A., Bindal, A., Goyal, A., Zaidi, A., & Shrivastava, A. (2010). A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 35(2), 339. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.66878
  • Enez Darcin, A., Kose, S., Noyan, C. O., Nurmedov, S., Yılmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2016). Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety and loneliness. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35(7), 520- 525. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2016.1158319
  • Erdem, H., Kalkın, G., Türen, U., & Deniz, M. (2016). The effects of no mobile phone phobia (nomofobi) on academic performance among undergraduate students. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21(3).
  • Fischer-Grote, L., Kothgassner, O. D. & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature. Neuropsychiatr, 33, 179-190. doi:10.1007/s40211- 019-00319-8
  • Gezgin, D. M., & Çakır, Ö. (2016). Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2504-2519. doi:10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3797
  • Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Samur, Y., & Yildirim, S. (2018). A spreading addiction among young generation: an examination of smartphone addiction according to gender, academic success and mobile game playing variables. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 8(2), 212-231. doi:10.17943/etku.397112
  • Gezgin, D. M., Ümmet, D., & Hamutoğlu, N. B. (2020). Smartphone addiction in university students: The predictive role of multidimensional loneliness. Trakya Journal of Education, 10(2), 317-329. doi:10.24315/tred.553035
  • Gökçearslan, Ş., Mumcu, F. K., Haşlaman, T., & Çevik, Y. D. (2016). Modelling smartphone addiction: The role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyberloafing in university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 639-649. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.091
  • Günal, A., & Pekçetin, S. (2019). Relationship between smartphone addiction and the pain in cervical regionupper extremity among university students. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 28(2), 114-119. doi: 10.17942/sted.381207.
  • Gündoğmuş, İ., Taşdelen Kul, A., & Çoban, D. A. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between social network usage and sleep quality among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(2). doi: 10.5455/apd.55929
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81-89. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007
  • Jeong, S. H., Kim, H., Yum, J. Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016). What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 10-17. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.035
  • Keskin, T., Ergan, M., Başkurt, F., & Başkurt, Z. (2018). The relationship between smartphone use and headache in university students. Journal of Health Sciences of Adıyaman University, 4(2), 864-873. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.433789
  • Kibona, L., & Mgaya, G. (2015). Smartphones’ effects on academic performance of higher learning students. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 777-784.
  • Koças, F., & Şaşmaz, T. (2019). Internet addiction increases poor sleep quality among high school students. The Turkish Journal of Public Health, 16(3), 167-177. doi:10.20518/tjph.407717
  • Konan, N., Durmuş, E., Ağıroğlu, A. B., & Türkoğlu, D. (2018). The relationship between smartphone addiction and perceived social support of university students’. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(5), 244-259. doi:10.15345/iojes.2018.05.016
  • Kozan, H. İ. Ö., Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., & Kesici, Ş. (2019). The associations among smartphone addiction, general belongingness and happiness: A structural equation modelling. Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 22(4). doi:10.5505/kpd.2019.87587
  • Kuang-Tsan, C., & Fu-Yuan, H. (2017). Study on relationship among university students’ life stress, smart mobile phone addiction, and life satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, 24(2), 109-118. doi:10.1007/s10804-016-9250-9
  • Kula, H., Ayhan, C., Kaçay, Z., & Soyer, F. (2020). The relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction: faculty of sport sciences students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 86-95. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.008
  • Kumcagiz, H., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Relationship between psychological well-being and smartphone addiction of university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 144-156. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p144
  • Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
  • Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, et al. (2013) Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2): e56936. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  • Lee, E. B. (2015). Too much information: Heavy smartphone and Facebook utilization by African American young adults. Journal of Black Studies, 46(1), 44-61. doi:10.1177/0021934714557034
  • Lee, Y. K., Chang, C. T., Lin, Y., & Cheng, Z. H. (2014). The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 373-383. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.047
  • Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343-350. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
  • Lin, Y. H., Chang, L. R., Lee, Y. H., Tseng, H. W., Kuo, T. B., & Chen, S. H. (2014). Development and validation of the smartphone addiction inventory (SPAI). PloS ONE, 9(6), e98312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098312
  • Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., ... & Schimmenti, A. (2017). Selfreported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A European cross-cultural empirical survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168-177. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.020
  • Lopez-Fernandez, O., Männikkö, N., Kääriäinen, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Mobile gaming and problematic smartphone use: A comparative study between Belgium and Finland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 88-99. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.080
  • Minaz, A., & Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2017). Investigation of university students smartphone addiction levels and usage purposes in terms of different variables. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 9(21), 268-286. doi:10.20875/makusobed.306903
  • Mohammadbeigi, A., Absari, R., Valizadeh, F., Saadati, M., Sharifimoghadam, S., Ahmadi, A., Mokhtari, M., & Ansari, H. (2016). Sleep quality in medical students; the impact of over-use of mobile cellphone and social networks. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 16(1), 46-50.
  • Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L. Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
  • Padır, M. A. (2017). Teknolojinin olumsuz etkileri, (Eds.: Ayas, T. ve Horzum, M. B.) (3. Baskı). Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı. Vize Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Pamuk, M., & Kutlu, M. (2017). Türkiye'de Cep Telefonunun Problemli Kullanımına İlişkin Yapılan Çalışmaların İncelenmesi [Investigation of studies on the Problematic Use of Mobile Phones in Turkey]. International Academic Research Congress (INES2017), Antalya. 400-407.
  • Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Social implications of smartphone use: Korean college students' smartphone use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 491–497. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0580
  • Pew Research Center. (2019). Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidlyaround-the-world-but-not-always-equally/
  • Randjelović, P., Stojiljković, N., Radulović, N., Ilić, I., Stojanović, N., & Ilić, S. (2019). The association of smartphone usage with subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among medical students. Biological Rhythm Research, 50(6), 857-865. doi:10.1080/09291016.2018.1499374
  • Rosen, L., Carrier, L. M., Miller, A., Rokkum, J., & Ruiz, A. (2016). Sleeping with technology: Cognitive, affective, and technology usage predictors of sleep problems among college students. Sleep Health, 2(1), 49-56. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.003
  • Rozgonjuk, D., Saal, K., & Täht, K. (2018). Problematic smartphone use, deep and surface approaches to learning, and social media use in lectures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), article 92. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010092
  • Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632-2639. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.003
  • Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
  • Sapacz, M., Rockman, G., & Clark, J. (2016). Are we addicted to our cell phones? Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 153-159. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.004
  • Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, metaanalysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
  • Sülün, A., Günay, U., Sarman, A., & Dertli, S. (2020). Daytime sleepiness in adolescents using smartphone. Journal of Dependence, 21(2), 129-136.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi [Measuring Attitudes and Data Analysis with SPSS], (4th edition). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
  • Torrecillas, L. (2007). Mobile phone addiction in teenagers may cause severe psychological disorder. Medical studies, 14(3), 11-13.
  • TUİK. (2019). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Bulunma Oranları. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması. [Information Technologies Presence Rates in Households. Household Information Technologies Usage Survey] http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028.
  • Turan, E. Z., & Becit İşçitürk, G. (2018). The investigation about nomofobi levels of the students of theology faculty in terms of various factors. OPUS-International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 1931-1950. doi: 10.26466/opus.461523
  • Van Deursen, A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, selfregulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 411-420. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.039
  • Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., & Young, R. McD. (2007). Young and connected: psychological influences of mobile phone use amongst Australian youth. In G. Goggin, & L. Hjorth (Eds.), Mobile media, july 2-4 2007. University of Sydney.
  • Yalçın, I., Özkurt, B., Özmaden, M., & Yağmur, R. (2020). Effect of smartphone addiction on loneliness levels and academic achievement of Z generation. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 208-214. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.017
  • Yıldırım, S., & Ayas, T. (2020). Examination of the relationship among adolescents' subjective wellbeing, parenting styles with smartphone in terms of different variables. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 61-75. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.006
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. Ü. M., Kıraç, A. G. R., & Sabırlı, Y. L. Ö. H. (2018). Effects of nomophobia sleeping at university students. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(27), 2988-2996. doi:10.26450/jshsr.598
  • Yusufoğlu, Ö. Ş. (2017). Smart phones as leisure activities and their impact on social life: A research on students of the university. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches, 6(5), 2414-2434.
  • Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., & Blau, M. (2016). Cross-generational analysis of predictive factors of addictive behavior in smartphone usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 682-693. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.061

Investigation of Smartphone Addiction Levels Among University Students

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 14 - 25, 12.09.2020

Sinan Kaya Mevlüt Kaya

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the smartphone addiction levels among university students. For this purpose, first of all, students' addiction levels were determined, and then it was examined whether these levels differed according to the gender of the students, the purpose of using the internet on the smartphone, and the usage times of smartphones. The causal comparison method was used in the research as a quantitative research method and the sampling of the research consisted of 435 students studying in the Faculty of Theology at Ondokuz Mayıs University and who were determined by the accessible sampling method. In order to determine the smartphone addiction levels of university students, the data was obtained with the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Descriptive statistics, the independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the research showed that students studying in the Faculty
of Theology had low levels of smartphone addiction, male students had higher levels of smartphone addiction compared to female students, the use of social media via smartphones increased the risk of addiction, and that students with a higher average daily smartphone usage also had higher levels of addiction.

Keywords

smartphone addiction the purpose of internet usage duration of use

References

  • Aktaş H., & Yılmaz N. (2017). Smartphone addiction in terms of the elements of loneliness and shyness of university youth. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 85-100. doi:10.24289/ijsser.283590
  • Aljomaa, S. S., Qudah, M. F. A., Albursan, I. S., Bakhiet, S. F., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016). Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 155-164. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041
  • Argumosa-Villar, L., Boada-Grau, J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2017). Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Journal of adolescence, 56, 127-135. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.003
  • Bal, E., & Balci, Ş. (2020). Smartphone addiction: A study on efficacy of personality traits and usage patterns. Journal of Erciyes Communication, 7(1), 369-394. doi:10.17680/erciyesiletisim.654569
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences], (24th edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods], (7th edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Carvalho, L. F., Sette, C. P., & Ferrari, B. L. (2018). Problematic smartphone use relationship with pathological personality traits: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(3), Article 5. doi:10.5817/CP2018-3-5.
  • Çelik, C.B. (2018). Investigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction tendency, social safeness and psychological well-being. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 12(24), 195-206. doi:10.29329/mjer.2018.147.11
  • Celikkalp, U., Bilgic, S., Temel, M., & Varol, G. (2020). The smartphone addiction levels and the association with communication skills in nursing and medical school students. The journal of nursing research: JNR, 28(3), e93. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000370
  • Chen, B., Liu, F., Ding, S., Ying, X., Wang, L., & Wen, Y. (2017). Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1503-z.
  • Chiu, S. I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49-57. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024.
  • Cocoradă, E., Maican, C. I., Cazan, A. M., & Maican, M. A. (2018). Assessing the smartphone addiction risk and its associations with personality traits among adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 345-354. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.08.006
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları [Multivariate Statistics SPSS and LISREL Applications for Social Sciences], (2nd Edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Corbonell, X., Oberst, U., & Beranuy, M. (2013). The cell phone in the twenty-first century: A risk for addiction or neccesary tool. Principles of Addiction, 1, 901-909. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-398336-7.00091-7
  • Davey, S., & Davey, A. (2014). Assessment of smartphone addiction in Indian adolescents: A mixed method study by systematic-review and meta-analysis approach. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1500–1511.
  • Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 85-92. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
  • Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdaş, A., Akpınar, A. & Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 226-234. doi:10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
  • Dixit, S., Shukla, H., Bhagwat, A., Bindal, A., Goyal, A., Zaidi, A., & Shrivastava, A. (2010). A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 35(2), 339. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.66878
  • Enez Darcin, A., Kose, S., Noyan, C. O., Nurmedov, S., Yılmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2016). Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety and loneliness. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35(7), 520- 525. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2016.1158319
  • Erdem, H., Kalkın, G., Türen, U., & Deniz, M. (2016). The effects of no mobile phone phobia (nomofobi) on academic performance among undergraduate students. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21(3).
  • Fischer-Grote, L., Kothgassner, O. D. & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature. Neuropsychiatr, 33, 179-190. doi:10.1007/s40211- 019-00319-8
  • Gezgin, D. M., & Çakır, Ö. (2016). Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2504-2519. doi:10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3797
  • Gezgin, D. M., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Samur, Y., & Yildirim, S. (2018). A spreading addiction among young generation: an examination of smartphone addiction according to gender, academic success and mobile game playing variables. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 8(2), 212-231. doi:10.17943/etku.397112
  • Gezgin, D. M., Ümmet, D., & Hamutoğlu, N. B. (2020). Smartphone addiction in university students: The predictive role of multidimensional loneliness. Trakya Journal of Education, 10(2), 317-329. doi:10.24315/tred.553035
  • Gökçearslan, Ş., Mumcu, F. K., Haşlaman, T., & Çevik, Y. D. (2016). Modelling smartphone addiction: The role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyberloafing in university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 639-649. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.091
  • Günal, A., & Pekçetin, S. (2019). Relationship between smartphone addiction and the pain in cervical regionupper extremity among university students. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 28(2), 114-119. doi: 10.17942/sted.381207.
  • Gündoğmuş, İ., Taşdelen Kul, A., & Çoban, D. A. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between social network usage and sleep quality among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(2). doi: 10.5455/apd.55929
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81-89. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007
  • Jeong, S. H., Kim, H., Yum, J. Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016). What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 10-17. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.035
  • Keskin, T., Ergan, M., Başkurt, F., & Başkurt, Z. (2018). The relationship between smartphone use and headache in university students. Journal of Health Sciences of Adıyaman University, 4(2), 864-873. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.433789
  • Kibona, L., & Mgaya, G. (2015). Smartphones’ effects on academic performance of higher learning students. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 777-784.
  • Koças, F., & Şaşmaz, T. (2019). Internet addiction increases poor sleep quality among high school students. The Turkish Journal of Public Health, 16(3), 167-177. doi:10.20518/tjph.407717
  • Konan, N., Durmuş, E., Ağıroğlu, A. B., & Türkoğlu, D. (2018). The relationship between smartphone addiction and perceived social support of university students’. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(5), 244-259. doi:10.15345/iojes.2018.05.016
  • Kozan, H. İ. Ö., Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., & Kesici, Ş. (2019). The associations among smartphone addiction, general belongingness and happiness: A structural equation modelling. Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 22(4). doi:10.5505/kpd.2019.87587
  • Kuang-Tsan, C., & Fu-Yuan, H. (2017). Study on relationship among university students’ life stress, smart mobile phone addiction, and life satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, 24(2), 109-118. doi:10.1007/s10804-016-9250-9
  • Kula, H., Ayhan, C., Kaçay, Z., & Soyer, F. (2020). The relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction: faculty of sport sciences students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 86-95. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.008
  • Kumcagiz, H., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Relationship between psychological well-being and smartphone addiction of university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 144-156. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p144
  • Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
  • Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, et al. (2013) Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2): e56936. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  • Lee, E. B. (2015). Too much information: Heavy smartphone and Facebook utilization by African American young adults. Journal of Black Studies, 46(1), 44-61. doi:10.1177/0021934714557034
  • Lee, Y. K., Chang, C. T., Lin, Y., & Cheng, Z. H. (2014). The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 373-383. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.047
  • Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343-350. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
  • Lin, Y. H., Chang, L. R., Lee, Y. H., Tseng, H. W., Kuo, T. B., & Chen, S. H. (2014). Development and validation of the smartphone addiction inventory (SPAI). PloS ONE, 9(6), e98312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098312
  • Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., ... & Schimmenti, A. (2017). Selfreported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A European cross-cultural empirical survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168-177. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.020
  • Lopez-Fernandez, O., Männikkö, N., Kääriäinen, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Mobile gaming and problematic smartphone use: A comparative study between Belgium and Finland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 88-99. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.080
  • Minaz, A., & Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2017). Investigation of university students smartphone addiction levels and usage purposes in terms of different variables. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 9(21), 268-286. doi:10.20875/makusobed.306903
  • Mohammadbeigi, A., Absari, R., Valizadeh, F., Saadati, M., Sharifimoghadam, S., Ahmadi, A., Mokhtari, M., & Ansari, H. (2016). Sleep quality in medical students; the impact of over-use of mobile cellphone and social networks. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 16(1), 46-50.
  • Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L. Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
  • Padır, M. A. (2017). Teknolojinin olumsuz etkileri, (Eds.: Ayas, T. ve Horzum, M. B.) (3. Baskı). Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı. Vize Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Pamuk, M., & Kutlu, M. (2017). Türkiye'de Cep Telefonunun Problemli Kullanımına İlişkin Yapılan Çalışmaların İncelenmesi [Investigation of studies on the Problematic Use of Mobile Phones in Turkey]. International Academic Research Congress (INES2017), Antalya. 400-407.
  • Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Social implications of smartphone use: Korean college students' smartphone use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 491–497. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0580
  • Pew Research Center. (2019). Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidlyaround-the-world-but-not-always-equally/
  • Randjelović, P., Stojiljković, N., Radulović, N., Ilić, I., Stojanović, N., & Ilić, S. (2019). The association of smartphone usage with subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among medical students. Biological Rhythm Research, 50(6), 857-865. doi:10.1080/09291016.2018.1499374
  • Rosen, L., Carrier, L. M., Miller, A., Rokkum, J., & Ruiz, A. (2016). Sleeping with technology: Cognitive, affective, and technology usage predictors of sleep problems among college students. Sleep Health, 2(1), 49-56. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.003
  • Rozgonjuk, D., Saal, K., & Täht, K. (2018). Problematic smartphone use, deep and surface approaches to learning, and social media use in lectures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), article 92. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010092
  • Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632-2639. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.003
  • Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
  • Sapacz, M., Rockman, G., & Clark, J. (2016). Are we addicted to our cell phones? Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 153-159. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.004
  • Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, metaanalysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
  • Sülün, A., Günay, U., Sarman, A., & Dertli, S. (2020). Daytime sleepiness in adolescents using smartphone. Journal of Dependence, 21(2), 129-136.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi [Measuring Attitudes and Data Analysis with SPSS], (4th edition). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
  • Torrecillas, L. (2007). Mobile phone addiction in teenagers may cause severe psychological disorder. Medical studies, 14(3), 11-13.
  • TUİK. (2019). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Bulunma Oranları. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması. [Information Technologies Presence Rates in Households. Household Information Technologies Usage Survey] http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028.
  • Turan, E. Z., & Becit İşçitürk, G. (2018). The investigation about nomofobi levels of the students of theology faculty in terms of various factors. OPUS-International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 1931-1950. doi: 10.26466/opus.461523
  • Van Deursen, A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, selfregulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 411-420. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.039
  • Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., & Young, R. McD. (2007). Young and connected: psychological influences of mobile phone use amongst Australian youth. In G. Goggin, & L. Hjorth (Eds.), Mobile media, july 2-4 2007. University of Sydney.
  • Yalçın, I., Özkurt, B., Özmaden, M., & Yağmur, R. (2020). Effect of smartphone addiction on loneliness levels and academic achievement of Z generation. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 208-214. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.017
  • Yıldırım, S., & Ayas, T. (2020). Examination of the relationship among adolescents' subjective wellbeing, parenting styles with smartphone in terms of different variables. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 61-75. doi:10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.006
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. Ü. M., Kıraç, A. G. R., & Sabırlı, Y. L. Ö. H. (2018). Effects of nomophobia sleeping at university students. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(27), 2988-2996. doi:10.26450/jshsr.598
  • Yusufoğlu, Ö. Ş. (2017). Smart phones as leisure activities and their impact on social life: A research on students of the university. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches, 6(5), 2414-2434.
  • Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., & Blau, M. (2016). Cross-generational analysis of predictive factors of addictive behavior in smartphone usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 682-693. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.061
There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Educational Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sinan Kaya

Mevlüt Kaya

Publication Date September 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kaya, S., & Kaya, M. (2020). Investigation of Smartphone Addiction Levels Among University Students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(3), 14-25.