Biyolojik atık çamurdaki azot ve fosforun darbeli elektrik alan tekniği ile geri kazanımı ve strüvit eldesi
Abstract
Biyolojik
arıtma çamurları organik madde, azot ve fosfor içeriği yönünden zengin bir
kaynaktır. Bu nedenle tarımda kullanımı oldukça önemlidir. Magnezyum amonyum
fosfat (MAP) çöktürmesi sonucu elde edilen strüvit, endüstriyel hammadde ve
tarımsal gübre olarak kullanım için uygundur. Arıtma çamurlarından azot ve
fosfor geri kazanımı için kullanılan yöntemlerin başında asidik şartlarda azot
ve fosforun sıvı faza geçirilmesi gelmekte ve akabinde MAP çökelmesi ile
strüvit elde edilmesi sağlanmaktadır. Bu yöntem için en büyük sorun
asidifikasyon işlemi ile sıvı faza geçen ağır metallarin strüvite
bağlanmasıdır. Çalışmamızda yeni bir çamur dezentegrasyon yöntemi darbeli
elektrik alan (PEF) tekniği ile evsel nitelikteki biyolojik atık çamurdan azot
ve fosfor geri kazanımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma iki aşamadan
oluşmaktadır. Birinci aşama; biyolojik atık çamurdaki azot ve fosforun kimyasal
eklemeden PEF tekniği ile geri kazanımı. İkinci aşama ise PEF ön arıtımı
sonrası sıvı fazda elde edilen yüksek azot ve fosfordan MAP çöktürmesi ile
strüvit elde edilmesi şeklindedir. MAP çökeltim testlerinde optimum sıcaklık,
pH ve çökelme süresi sırasıyla 20 °C, 9.5 ve 24 saat olarak belirlenmiştir. En
iyi çökelme ve giderim verimi 2.5 ml MgCl2.6H2O (0.015 M)
ve 2.5 ml H3PO4 (0.049M) eklenmiş örnekte elde edildi.
Çökeltim sonrası TN ve TP giderim verimleri sırasıyla %52 ve %14’tür. Çökeltim
sonrası kristal yapılı çökelti oluşumu gözlenmiş ve XRD analizi sonucunda bu
çökeltinin strüvit olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Durak Z. Adana Sofulu Düzensiz Çöp Depolama Alanında Oluşan Çöp Sızıntı Sularının Bitki Yetiştirilmesinde Kullanılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye, 2005.
- Taşatar B. Endüstriyel Nitelikli Arıtma Çamurlarının Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 1997.
- Uzun P, Bilgili U. “Arıtma çamurlarının tarımda kullanılma olanakları”. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 135-146, 2011.
- Uysal A, Tuncer D, Kir E, Koseoglu TS. “Recovery of nütrients from digested sludge as struvite with a combination process of acid hydrolysis and donnan dialysis“. Water Science Technology, 76(9-10), 2733-2741, 2017.
- Resmi Gazete. “Evsel ve Kentsel Arıtma Çamurlarının Toprakta Kullanılmasına Dair Yönetmelik”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2010.
- Filibeli A. Arıtma Çamurlarının İşlenmesi. DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi Yayınları, İzmir, Türkiye, 1996.
- Martí N, Barat R, Seco A, Pastor L, Bouzas A. “Sludge management modeling to enhance p-recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants”. Journal of Environmental Management, 196, 340-346, 2017.
- Berg U, Schaum C. “Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge and sludge ashes application in Germany and Northeren Europe”. I. National Treatment Sludge Symposium, Izmir, Turkey, 23-25 March 2005.
- Weidelener A, Brechtel K, Maier W, Krampe J, Rott U. “Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge as MAP”. IWA/WISA Conference on the Management of Residues Emanating from Water and Wastewater Treatment, IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition, Montreal, Canada, 9-12 September 2005.
- Uysal A, Yılmazel YD, Demirer GN. “Anaerobik olarak çürütülmüş arıtma çamurlarından strüvit çöktürmesiyle nütrient geri kazanımı”. İTÜ Dergisi/Su Kirlenmesi Kontrolü, 21(1), 25-32, 2011.
- Neyens E, Baeyens J, Weemas M, De Heyder B. “Hot acid hydrolysis as a potential treatment of thickened sewage sludge”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 98(1-3), 275-293, 2003.
- Vranitzky R, Lahnsteiner J. “Sewage sludge disintegration using ozone. a method of enhancing the anaerobic stabilization of sewage sludge”. Va Tech Wabah, R&D Process Engineering, Siemensstrasse, 89, A-1211, 2005.
- Müller JA, Winter A, Strünkmann G. “Investigation and assessment of sludge pretreatment processes”. Water Science and Technology, 49(10), 97-104, 2004.
- Tong J, Chen YG. “Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment”. Water Research, 43(12), 2969–2976, 2009.
- Wei B, Yiyong L, Yongyou H. “Recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from alkaline hydrolysis supernatant of excess sludge by magnesium ammonium phosphate” Bioresource Technology, 166, 1-8, 2014.
- Toor UA, Dong-Jin K. “phosphorus extraction and sludge dissolution by acid and alkali treatments of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) treated wastewater sludge”. Bioresource Technology, 217, 233-238,2016.
- Rittmann BE, Lee H, Zhang H, Alder J, Banaszak JE, Lopez R. “Full-Scale application of focused-pulsed pre-treatment for improving biosolids digestion and conversion to methane”. Water Science & Technology, 58(10), 1895-1901, 2008.
- Loeffler M, Schmidt W, Schuhmann R, Röttering A. “Treatment of sewage sludge with pulsed electric fields”. International Conference on Pulsed Power Applications Gelsenkirchen, Germany, 27-29 March 2001.
- Salerno MB, Lee S, Parameswaran PE, Rittmann B. “Using a pulsed electric field as a pretreatment for improved biosolids digestion and methanogenesis”. Water Environment Research, 81(8), 831-839, 2009.
- Zhang H, Banaszak JE, Parameswaran P, Alder J, Brown R, Rittmann BE. “Focused-Pulsed sludge pre-treatment increases the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens in a full-scale anaerobic digester”. Water Research, 43(13), 4517-4526, 2009.
- Lee IS, Rittmann EB. “Effect of low solids retention time and focused pulsed pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge”. Bioresource Technology, 102, 2542-2548, 2011.
- APHA-AWWA. WEF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21nd ed. Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
- Lee S, Parameswaran P, Alder JM, Rittmann BE. “Feasibility of focused-pulsed treated waste activated sludge as a supplemental electron donor for denitrification”. Water Environment Research, 82(12), 2316-2324, 2010.
- Rettmer RS. “The simultaneous chemical precipitation of ammonium and phosphate in the form of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate”. Water Science & Technology, 23, 659-667, 1991.
- Straful I, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. “Conditions influencing the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate”. Water Research, 35(17), 4191-4199, 2001.
- Tünay O, Kabdaşlı I, Orhon D, Kolçak S. “Ammonia removal by magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation in industrial wastewater”. Water Science & Technology, 36(2-3), 225-228, 1997.
Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage sludge by pulsed electrical field technique and strüvite production
Abstract
Sewage
sludge is a rich source of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content. For
this reason, its use in agriculture is very important. Strüvite obtained as a
result of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) settlement is suitable for use as
industrial raw material and agricultural fertilizer. At the beginning of the
methods used for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge, nitrogen
and phosphorus are introduced into liquid phase under acidic conditions. Then
the struvite is obtained by MAP precipitation. The biggest problem for this method is the bonding of
heavy metals passing liquid phase by acidification to struvite. In our work, a new sludge disintegration method,
pulsed electric field (PEF) technique, has been used to recover nitrogen and
phosphorus from the domestic biological waste sludge. The study consists of two
phases. In the first stage, nitrogen
and phosphorus from biological waste sludge are recovered without the addition
of chemical by PEF technique. In
the second stage, the strüvite is obtained by MAP precipitation from liquid
phase with high nitrogen and phosphore content. The optimum
temperature, pH and precipitation time were determined as 20 °C, 9.5 and 24 hours, respectively for the formation of strüvite in the MAP precipitation tests. The
best precipitate and removal efficiency was obtained to the sample with 2.5 ml
of MgCl2.6H2O (0.015 M) and 2.5 ml of H3PO4
(0.049M). TN and TP removal efficiencies were obtained as 52% and 14% after
precipitation. After sedimentation, crystalline precipitate formation was
observed and XRD analysis revealed that this precipitate was struvite.
References
- Durak Z. Adana Sofulu Düzensiz Çöp Depolama Alanında Oluşan Çöp Sızıntı Sularının Bitki Yetiştirilmesinde Kullanılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye, 2005.
- Taşatar B. Endüstriyel Nitelikli Arıtma Çamurlarının Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 1997.
- Uzun P, Bilgili U. “Arıtma çamurlarının tarımda kullanılma olanakları”. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 135-146, 2011.
- Uysal A, Tuncer D, Kir E, Koseoglu TS. “Recovery of nütrients from digested sludge as struvite with a combination process of acid hydrolysis and donnan dialysis“. Water Science Technology, 76(9-10), 2733-2741, 2017.
- Resmi Gazete. “Evsel ve Kentsel Arıtma Çamurlarının Toprakta Kullanılmasına Dair Yönetmelik”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2010.
- Filibeli A. Arıtma Çamurlarının İşlenmesi. DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi Yayınları, İzmir, Türkiye, 1996.
- Martí N, Barat R, Seco A, Pastor L, Bouzas A. “Sludge management modeling to enhance p-recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants”. Journal of Environmental Management, 196, 340-346, 2017.
- Berg U, Schaum C. “Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge and sludge ashes application in Germany and Northeren Europe”. I. National Treatment Sludge Symposium, Izmir, Turkey, 23-25 March 2005.
- Weidelener A, Brechtel K, Maier W, Krampe J, Rott U. “Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge as MAP”. IWA/WISA Conference on the Management of Residues Emanating from Water and Wastewater Treatment, IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition, Montreal, Canada, 9-12 September 2005.
- Uysal A, Yılmazel YD, Demirer GN. “Anaerobik olarak çürütülmüş arıtma çamurlarından strüvit çöktürmesiyle nütrient geri kazanımı”. İTÜ Dergisi/Su Kirlenmesi Kontrolü, 21(1), 25-32, 2011.
- Neyens E, Baeyens J, Weemas M, De Heyder B. “Hot acid hydrolysis as a potential treatment of thickened sewage sludge”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 98(1-3), 275-293, 2003.
- Vranitzky R, Lahnsteiner J. “Sewage sludge disintegration using ozone. a method of enhancing the anaerobic stabilization of sewage sludge”. Va Tech Wabah, R&D Process Engineering, Siemensstrasse, 89, A-1211, 2005.
- Müller JA, Winter A, Strünkmann G. “Investigation and assessment of sludge pretreatment processes”. Water Science and Technology, 49(10), 97-104, 2004.
- Tong J, Chen YG. “Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment”. Water Research, 43(12), 2969–2976, 2009.
- Wei B, Yiyong L, Yongyou H. “Recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from alkaline hydrolysis supernatant of excess sludge by magnesium ammonium phosphate” Bioresource Technology, 166, 1-8, 2014.
- Toor UA, Dong-Jin K. “phosphorus extraction and sludge dissolution by acid and alkali treatments of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) treated wastewater sludge”. Bioresource Technology, 217, 233-238,2016.
- Rittmann BE, Lee H, Zhang H, Alder J, Banaszak JE, Lopez R. “Full-Scale application of focused-pulsed pre-treatment for improving biosolids digestion and conversion to methane”. Water Science & Technology, 58(10), 1895-1901, 2008.
- Loeffler M, Schmidt W, Schuhmann R, Röttering A. “Treatment of sewage sludge with pulsed electric fields”. International Conference on Pulsed Power Applications Gelsenkirchen, Germany, 27-29 March 2001.
- Salerno MB, Lee S, Parameswaran PE, Rittmann B. “Using a pulsed electric field as a pretreatment for improved biosolids digestion and methanogenesis”. Water Environment Research, 81(8), 831-839, 2009.
- Zhang H, Banaszak JE, Parameswaran P, Alder J, Brown R, Rittmann BE. “Focused-Pulsed sludge pre-treatment increases the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens in a full-scale anaerobic digester”. Water Research, 43(13), 4517-4526, 2009.
- Lee IS, Rittmann EB. “Effect of low solids retention time and focused pulsed pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge”. Bioresource Technology, 102, 2542-2548, 2011.
- APHA-AWWA. WEF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21nd ed. Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
- Lee S, Parameswaran P, Alder JM, Rittmann BE. “Feasibility of focused-pulsed treated waste activated sludge as a supplemental electron donor for denitrification”. Water Environment Research, 82(12), 2316-2324, 2010.
- Rettmer RS. “The simultaneous chemical precipitation of ammonium and phosphate in the form of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate”. Water Science & Technology, 23, 659-667, 1991.
- Straful I, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. “Conditions influencing the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate”. Water Research, 35(17), 4191-4199, 2001.
- Tünay O, Kabdaşlı I, Orhon D, Kolçak S. “Ammonia removal by magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation in industrial wastewater”. Water Science & Technology, 36(2-3), 225-228, 1997.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 25, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 25 Issue: 6 |
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