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Epigrafi Araştırmalarında Yeni Bir Belgeleme ve Analiz Metodu Olarak RTI

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 16, 30.12.2016

Abstract

Günümüz teknolojisinin hızlı ilerleyişi sayısal görüntüleme metotlarına ivme kazandırmış ve kültürel miras araştırmalarına da yeni yaklaşımlar getirmiştir. Teknolojinin bilime sunduğu yeni belgeleme ve analiz metotları birçok disipline adapte edilerek araştırmaların detaylı ve hızlı bir biçimde yapılmasına imkan tanımaktadır. Burada sunulan çalışma son yıllarda kültürel miras araştırmalarında kullanılan Yansıtma Dönüşümlü Görüntüleme (Reflectance Transformation Imaging - RTI) metodunun epigrafi araştırmalarında yazıtların belgeleme ve analiz süreçlerine sunduğu yenilikleri incelemektedir. RTI, bir nesne yüzeyinin farklı açılardan aydınlatılmasıyla elde edilen görüntü verilerinden sentezlenen yansıtma değerlerini kullanarak nesne yüzeyinin mikro-topografyasını ortaya çıkaran sayısal bir fotoğraflama me-todudur. Özellikle tahribata uğramış arkeolojik eserlerin yüzey detaylarının belgelenmesinde ve yorum-lanmasında ya da yazıt taşıyıcısı yüzeyindeki aşınmış harflerin karakterize edilmesinde görsel algıyı artırarak analiz süreçlerine pozitif katkılar sunmaktadır. Çalışmada ‘tahribatsız’ belgelemeye ve çok yönlü analize imkan veren RTI metodunun teknik ardalanı ve çalışma prensipleri Phaselis epigrafi araş-tırmalarında yürütülen RTI çalışmalarından sunulan örnekler ışığında detaylı bir biçimde aktarılmıştır.

References

  • Artal-Isbrand P., Klausmeyer P., Murray W. (2011). “An Evaluation of Decorative Techniques on a Red-Figure Attic Vase from the Worcester Art Museum using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and Confocal Microscopy with a Special Focus on the ‘Relief Line’”. Eds. P. Vandiver, W. Li, J. L. Ruvalcaba Sil, C.L. Reedy & L.D. Frame. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IX/1319 (2011) 3-33. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1557/opl.2011.793
  • Barbosa J. C. G C. (2009). RTI-Based Techniques and Tools for Digital Surrogates. Master Thesis. Universidade do Minho, Portugal 2009.
  • Cultural Heritage Imaging (2013a). RTI Builder Guideline Verison 2.0.2. http://culturalheritageimaging.org/ What_We_Offer/Downloads/Process/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2016.
  • Cultural Heritage Imaging (2013b). RTI Viewer Guideline Version 1.1. http://culturalheritageimaging.org/ What_We_Offer/Downloads/View/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2016.
  • Dellepiane M., Corsini M., Callieri M. & Scopigno R. (2006). “High Quality PTM Acquisition: Reflection Transformation Imaging for Large Objects”. The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’06), Eurographics Association, Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 179-186.
  • Diaz-Guardamino M. & Wheatley D. (2013). “Rock Art and Digital Technologies: The Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and 3D Laser Scanning to the Study of Late Bronze Age Iberian Stelae”. MENGA: Journal of Andalusian Prehistory 4 (2013) 187-203.
  • Duffy S. M. (2010) “Polynomial Texture Mapping at Roughting Linn Rock Art Site”. ISPRS Technical Commission V Mid-Term Symposium 38/5. Newcastle, UK (2010) 213-217.
  • Edmunds M. G., Freeth A., Bitsakis Y., Moussas X., Seiradakis J., Magkou E., Zafeiropoulou M., Haycock P., Hadland P., Ramsay A. Gelb D & Malzbender T. (2006). “The Antikythera Mechanism - Real Progress Through Greek/UK/US Research”. Ed. N. H. Solomos, The 7th International Conference of the Hellenic Astronomical Society 848 (2006) 913-918.
  • Earl G., Martinez K. & Malzbender T. (2010). “Archaeological Applications of Polynomial Texture Mapping: Analysis, Conservation and Representation”. Journal of Archaeological Science 37/8 (2010) 2040-2050. Doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.03.009
  • Freeth T., Bitsakis Y., Moussas X., Seiradakis J. H., Tselikas A., Mangou H., Zafeiropoulou M., Hadland R., Bate D., Ramsey A., Allen M., A. Crawley., Hockley P., Malzbender T., Gelb D., Ambrisco W. & Edmunds M. G. (2006). “Decoding the Ancient Greek Astronomical Calculator Known as the Antikythera Mechanism”. Nature 444 (2006) 587-591. Doi:10.1038/nature05357
  • Gabov A. & Bevan G (2011) “Recording the Weathering of Outdoor Stone Monuments Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI): The Case of the Guild of All Arts (Scarborough, Ontario)”. Journal of the Canadian Association for Conservation 36 (2011) 3-14.
  • Hammer O., Bengston S., Malzbender T., Gelb D. (2002) “Imaging Fossils Using Reflectance Transformation and Interactive Manipulation of Virtual Light Sources”. Paleontologia Electronica 5/1 (2002). http://palaeo-electronica.org/2002_1/fossils/issue1_02.htm
  • Jones A. M., Cochrane A., Carter C., Dawson I., Díaz-Guardamino M., Kotoula E. & Minkin L. (2015). “Digital Imaging and Prehistoric Imagery: A New Analysis of the Folkton Drums”. Antiquity 89 (2015) 1083-1095. Doi:10.15184/aqy.2015.127.
  • Keppie L. (1983). Understanding Roman Inscriptions. Baltimore, USA 1991.
  • Kleinitz C. (2012). “Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) in der Bestandsdokumentation der Sekundärbilder und -inschriften von Musawwarat es Sufra im Rahmen des Musawwarat Graffiti Project”. Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin 23 (2012) 7-20.
  • Kleinitz C. (2013). “Die Sekundärbilder und -inschriften der Großen Anlage von Musawwarat es Sufra und das Musawwarat Graffiti Project”. Ed. St. Wenig & K. Zibelius-Chen, Die Kulturen Nubiens – ein afrikanisches Vermächtnis. Dettelbach, Deutschland (2013) 399-413.
  • Kotoula E & Kyranoudi M. (2013). “Study of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging”. E-Conservation 25 (2013) 74-88.
  • Lehoux D. (2013). “Ancient Science in a Digital Age”. Isis 104 (2013) 111-118. Doi: 10.1086/669892
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D., Wolters H. & Zuckerman B. (2000). “Enhancement of Shape Perception by Surface Reflectance Transformation”. Technical Report, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories 2000.
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D. & Wolters H. (2001). “Polynomial Texture Maps”. 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH’01). New York, USA (2001) 519-528. Doi: 10.1145/383259.383320
  • Malzbender T., Wiburn B., Gelb D. & Ambrisco B. (2006). “Surface Enhancement Using Real-Time Photometric Stereo and Reflectance Transformation”. 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques (EGSR '06). Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 245-250. Doi: 10.2312/EGWR/EGSR06/245-250
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D. (2009). Interactive Relighting of the Antikythera Mechanism. Source: http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/antikythera_mechanism/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2016.
  • McLean B. H. (2002). An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Alexander the Great Down to the Reign of Constantine (323 B.C.-A.D. 337). Michigan, USA 2002.
  • Mudge M., Voutaz J. P., Schroer C. & Lum M. (2005). “Reflection Transformation Imaging and Virtual Representations of Coins from the Hospice of the Grand St. Bernard”. The 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’05) (2005) 29-39. Pisa, Italy.
  • Mudge M., Malzbender T., Schroer C. & Marlin L. (2006). “New Reflection Transformation Imaging Methods for Rock Art and Multiple-Viewpoint Display”. Eds. M. Ioannides, D. Arnold, F. Niccolucci & K.
  • Mania, The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’06), Eurographics Association, Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 195-202. Mudge M., Malzbender T., Chalmers A., Scopigno R., Davis J., Wang O., Gunawardane P., Ashley M., Doerr M., A Proenca. & Barbosa J. (2008). “Image-Based Empirical Information Acquisition, Scientific Reliability, and Long-Term Digital Preservation for the Natural Sciences and Cultural Heritage”. Eds. M. Roussou & J. Leigh, Eurographics (2008) . Crete, Greece. Doi: 10.2312/egt.20081050 Mudge M., Schroer C., Noble T., Matthews N., Rusinkiewicz S. & Toler-Franklin C. (2012). “Robust and Scientifically Reliable Rock Art Documentation from Digital Photographs”. Eds. J. McDonald & P. Veth.A Companion to Rock Art. (2012) 644-659. Chichester, UK. Doi: 10.1002/9781118253892.ch36
  • Newman S. E. (2014). “Applications of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) to the Study of Bone Surface Modifications”. Journal of Archaeological Science 53 (2014) 536-549. Doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.11.019
  • Palma G., Siotto E., Proesmans M., Baldassari M., Baracchini C., Batino S., & R. Scopigno (2012). “Telling The Story of Ancient Coins By Means Of Interactive RTI Images Visualization”. The 40th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA2012) (2012) 26-30. Southampton, UK.
  • Piquette K. E. (2014). “Scribal Practice and an Early Dynastic Stone Vessel Inscription. Material and Aesthetic Implications”. Eds. A. Dodson, J. Johnston & W. Monkhouse, A Good Scribe and an Exceedingly Wise Man. Studies in Honour of W.J. Tait (2014) 241-250. London.
  • Pitts M., Miles J., Pagi H & Earl G. (2014). “HOA HAKANANAI'A: A New Study of an Easter Island Statue in the British Museum”. The Antiquaries Journal 94 (2014) 291-321. Doi: 10.1017/ S0003581514000201
  • Schroer C. (2012). “Advanced Imaging Tools for Museum and Library Conservation Research”. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 38/3 (Marzo, 2012) 38-42.
  • Tamayo S. N. M., Andres J. V. & Pons J. O. (2013). “Applications of Reflectance Transformation Imaging for Documentation and Surface Analysis in Conservation”. International Journal of Conservation Science 4 (2013) 535-548.
  • Tüner-Önen N. & Akçay A (2014). “Phaselis Kentinin Su Teminine İlişkin Gözlemler ve Dijital Epigrafi Çalışmaları”. MJH IV/2 (2014) 279-292. Doi: 10.13114/MJH.201428446
  • Woodhead A. G. (1981). The Study of Greek Inscriptions. Cambridge & New York 1981.
  • Willems G., Verbiest F., Moreau W., Hameeuw H., van Lerberghe K. & van Gool L. (2005). “Easy and Cost-Effective Cuneiform Digitizing”. Eds. M. Mudge, N. Ryan & R. Scopigno, The 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’05) (2005) 73-80. Pisa, Italy.
  • Zányi E., Schroer C., Mudge M. & Chalmers A. (2007). “Lighting and Byzantine Glass Tesserae”. EVA London Conference ~ 11–13 July 2007: Electronic Information, the Visual Arts and Beyond 22.1-22.8 (2007) London.
Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 16, 30.12.2016

Abstract

References

  • Artal-Isbrand P., Klausmeyer P., Murray W. (2011). “An Evaluation of Decorative Techniques on a Red-Figure Attic Vase from the Worcester Art Museum using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and Confocal Microscopy with a Special Focus on the ‘Relief Line’”. Eds. P. Vandiver, W. Li, J. L. Ruvalcaba Sil, C.L. Reedy & L.D. Frame. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IX/1319 (2011) 3-33. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1557/opl.2011.793
  • Barbosa J. C. G C. (2009). RTI-Based Techniques and Tools for Digital Surrogates. Master Thesis. Universidade do Minho, Portugal 2009.
  • Cultural Heritage Imaging (2013a). RTI Builder Guideline Verison 2.0.2. http://culturalheritageimaging.org/ What_We_Offer/Downloads/Process/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2016.
  • Cultural Heritage Imaging (2013b). RTI Viewer Guideline Version 1.1. http://culturalheritageimaging.org/ What_We_Offer/Downloads/View/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2016.
  • Dellepiane M., Corsini M., Callieri M. & Scopigno R. (2006). “High Quality PTM Acquisition: Reflection Transformation Imaging for Large Objects”. The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’06), Eurographics Association, Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 179-186.
  • Diaz-Guardamino M. & Wheatley D. (2013). “Rock Art and Digital Technologies: The Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and 3D Laser Scanning to the Study of Late Bronze Age Iberian Stelae”. MENGA: Journal of Andalusian Prehistory 4 (2013) 187-203.
  • Duffy S. M. (2010) “Polynomial Texture Mapping at Roughting Linn Rock Art Site”. ISPRS Technical Commission V Mid-Term Symposium 38/5. Newcastle, UK (2010) 213-217.
  • Edmunds M. G., Freeth A., Bitsakis Y., Moussas X., Seiradakis J., Magkou E., Zafeiropoulou M., Haycock P., Hadland P., Ramsay A. Gelb D & Malzbender T. (2006). “The Antikythera Mechanism - Real Progress Through Greek/UK/US Research”. Ed. N. H. Solomos, The 7th International Conference of the Hellenic Astronomical Society 848 (2006) 913-918.
  • Earl G., Martinez K. & Malzbender T. (2010). “Archaeological Applications of Polynomial Texture Mapping: Analysis, Conservation and Representation”. Journal of Archaeological Science 37/8 (2010) 2040-2050. Doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.03.009
  • Freeth T., Bitsakis Y., Moussas X., Seiradakis J. H., Tselikas A., Mangou H., Zafeiropoulou M., Hadland R., Bate D., Ramsey A., Allen M., A. Crawley., Hockley P., Malzbender T., Gelb D., Ambrisco W. & Edmunds M. G. (2006). “Decoding the Ancient Greek Astronomical Calculator Known as the Antikythera Mechanism”. Nature 444 (2006) 587-591. Doi:10.1038/nature05357
  • Gabov A. & Bevan G (2011) “Recording the Weathering of Outdoor Stone Monuments Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI): The Case of the Guild of All Arts (Scarborough, Ontario)”. Journal of the Canadian Association for Conservation 36 (2011) 3-14.
  • Hammer O., Bengston S., Malzbender T., Gelb D. (2002) “Imaging Fossils Using Reflectance Transformation and Interactive Manipulation of Virtual Light Sources”. Paleontologia Electronica 5/1 (2002). http://palaeo-electronica.org/2002_1/fossils/issue1_02.htm
  • Jones A. M., Cochrane A., Carter C., Dawson I., Díaz-Guardamino M., Kotoula E. & Minkin L. (2015). “Digital Imaging and Prehistoric Imagery: A New Analysis of the Folkton Drums”. Antiquity 89 (2015) 1083-1095. Doi:10.15184/aqy.2015.127.
  • Keppie L. (1983). Understanding Roman Inscriptions. Baltimore, USA 1991.
  • Kleinitz C. (2012). “Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) in der Bestandsdokumentation der Sekundärbilder und -inschriften von Musawwarat es Sufra im Rahmen des Musawwarat Graffiti Project”. Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin 23 (2012) 7-20.
  • Kleinitz C. (2013). “Die Sekundärbilder und -inschriften der Großen Anlage von Musawwarat es Sufra und das Musawwarat Graffiti Project”. Ed. St. Wenig & K. Zibelius-Chen, Die Kulturen Nubiens – ein afrikanisches Vermächtnis. Dettelbach, Deutschland (2013) 399-413.
  • Kotoula E & Kyranoudi M. (2013). “Study of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging”. E-Conservation 25 (2013) 74-88.
  • Lehoux D. (2013). “Ancient Science in a Digital Age”. Isis 104 (2013) 111-118. Doi: 10.1086/669892
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D., Wolters H. & Zuckerman B. (2000). “Enhancement of Shape Perception by Surface Reflectance Transformation”. Technical Report, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories 2000.
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D. & Wolters H. (2001). “Polynomial Texture Maps”. 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH’01). New York, USA (2001) 519-528. Doi: 10.1145/383259.383320
  • Malzbender T., Wiburn B., Gelb D. & Ambrisco B. (2006). “Surface Enhancement Using Real-Time Photometric Stereo and Reflectance Transformation”. 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques (EGSR '06). Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 245-250. Doi: 10.2312/EGWR/EGSR06/245-250
  • Malzbender T., Gelb D. (2009). Interactive Relighting of the Antikythera Mechanism. Source: http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/antikythera_mechanism/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2016.
  • McLean B. H. (2002). An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Alexander the Great Down to the Reign of Constantine (323 B.C.-A.D. 337). Michigan, USA 2002.
  • Mudge M., Voutaz J. P., Schroer C. & Lum M. (2005). “Reflection Transformation Imaging and Virtual Representations of Coins from the Hospice of the Grand St. Bernard”. The 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’05) (2005) 29-39. Pisa, Italy.
  • Mudge M., Malzbender T., Schroer C. & Marlin L. (2006). “New Reflection Transformation Imaging Methods for Rock Art and Multiple-Viewpoint Display”. Eds. M. Ioannides, D. Arnold, F. Niccolucci & K.
  • Mania, The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’06), Eurographics Association, Nicosia, Cyprus (2006) 195-202. Mudge M., Malzbender T., Chalmers A., Scopigno R., Davis J., Wang O., Gunawardane P., Ashley M., Doerr M., A Proenca. & Barbosa J. (2008). “Image-Based Empirical Information Acquisition, Scientific Reliability, and Long-Term Digital Preservation for the Natural Sciences and Cultural Heritage”. Eds. M. Roussou & J. Leigh, Eurographics (2008) . Crete, Greece. Doi: 10.2312/egt.20081050 Mudge M., Schroer C., Noble T., Matthews N., Rusinkiewicz S. & Toler-Franklin C. (2012). “Robust and Scientifically Reliable Rock Art Documentation from Digital Photographs”. Eds. J. McDonald & P. Veth.A Companion to Rock Art. (2012) 644-659. Chichester, UK. Doi: 10.1002/9781118253892.ch36
  • Newman S. E. (2014). “Applications of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) to the Study of Bone Surface Modifications”. Journal of Archaeological Science 53 (2014) 536-549. Doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.11.019
  • Palma G., Siotto E., Proesmans M., Baldassari M., Baracchini C., Batino S., & R. Scopigno (2012). “Telling The Story of Ancient Coins By Means Of Interactive RTI Images Visualization”. The 40th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA2012) (2012) 26-30. Southampton, UK.
  • Piquette K. E. (2014). “Scribal Practice and an Early Dynastic Stone Vessel Inscription. Material and Aesthetic Implications”. Eds. A. Dodson, J. Johnston & W. Monkhouse, A Good Scribe and an Exceedingly Wise Man. Studies in Honour of W.J. Tait (2014) 241-250. London.
  • Pitts M., Miles J., Pagi H & Earl G. (2014). “HOA HAKANANAI'A: A New Study of an Easter Island Statue in the British Museum”. The Antiquaries Journal 94 (2014) 291-321. Doi: 10.1017/ S0003581514000201
  • Schroer C. (2012). “Advanced Imaging Tools for Museum and Library Conservation Research”. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 38/3 (Marzo, 2012) 38-42.
  • Tamayo S. N. M., Andres J. V. & Pons J. O. (2013). “Applications of Reflectance Transformation Imaging for Documentation and Surface Analysis in Conservation”. International Journal of Conservation Science 4 (2013) 535-548.
  • Tüner-Önen N. & Akçay A (2014). “Phaselis Kentinin Su Teminine İlişkin Gözlemler ve Dijital Epigrafi Çalışmaları”. MJH IV/2 (2014) 279-292. Doi: 10.13114/MJH.201428446
  • Woodhead A. G. (1981). The Study of Greek Inscriptions. Cambridge & New York 1981.
  • Willems G., Verbiest F., Moreau W., Hameeuw H., van Lerberghe K. & van Gool L. (2005). “Easy and Cost-Effective Cuneiform Digitizing”. Eds. M. Mudge, N. Ryan & R. Scopigno, The 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST’05) (2005) 73-80. Pisa, Italy.
  • Zányi E., Schroer C., Mudge M. & Chalmers A. (2007). “Lighting and Byzantine Glass Tesserae”. EVA London Conference ~ 11–13 July 2007: Electronic Information, the Visual Arts and Beyond 22.1-22.8 (2007) London.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Latin and Classical Greek Languages, Greek and Roman Period Archeology, Classical Greek and Roman History, Ancient History (Other), Roman History
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Aykan Akçay

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akçay, A. (2016). Epigrafi Araştırmalarında Yeni Bir Belgeleme ve Analiz Metodu Olarak RTI. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 1-16.
Adres:
Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi
07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE
E-Posta:
mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr