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The Electoral Performance of Afghan Political Parties: A Comparative Analysis

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 289 - 300, 08.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1309424

Abstract

This article aims to examine the electoral results of two Afghan political groups in the former and post-Taliban periods in Afghanistan. The study's main objective is to evaluate the electoral victories of the Afghan Social Democratic Party (Afghan Mellat) and Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan (the Islamic Society of Afghanistan). Basic, deductive, and comparative analysis is used in the study, which is mostly conducted by examining the primary and secondary data that are already accessible. In order to get to a conclusion, the study examines how the two parties listed above have changed historically and looks into their organizational structure, communication plans, and clientele relationships. This article explains the conclusion that political parties with connections to prominent local figures—Mujahidin and ethnic leaders have substantial political and electoral support bases—generally do better in elections than organizations with less connections. Accordingly, Afghan Mellat, which has poor relationships with the local notables, Mujahidin and ethnic leaders, is experiencing less electoral success than Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan, which has strong ties to the local notables, Mujahidin and ethnic leaders. Building relationships with the Mujahidin provides a platform for bolstering organizational and financial resources, which are important elements increasing the possibility of electoral/party victory.

References

  • AFGHAN MELLAT (2021), “Well Known Figures of The Afghan Mellat”, Afghan Mellat Corporate Web Page, 29 March 2021, http://www.afghanmellat.org/well_known_fiqures.htm (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • AMIN, Shamsuddin (2019), “Democratization and Elections in Post-Conflict States: A Case Study of Afghanistan's Democratization and Electoral Processes”, Doctoral Thesis, The American University of Central Asia, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan).
  • FEFA - FREE AND FAIR ELECTION FORUM OF AFGHANISTAN ORGANIZATION (2019), “Parliament Profile Seventeenth Legislative Period”, FEFA Corporate Web Page (E-Document), https://dari.fefa.org.af/Home/Details?ps=318 (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • HALE, Henry E. (2005), "Why Not Parties? Electoral Markets, Party Substitutes, and Stalled Democratization in Russia", Comparative Politics, S.37(2), ss.147-166.
  • HAMİD, Tamim (2020), “Jamiat Leaders Feud, Intra-Party Tensions Rise”, TOLO News (E-Article), 04 July 2020, https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/jamiat-leaders-feud-intra-party-tensions-rise (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • HAVILAND, William A. (2002), Kültürel Antropoloji (Çev. Hüsamettin İnaç, Seda Çiftçi), Kaknüs Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • HICKEN, Allen (2011), "Clientelism", Annual Review of Political Science, S.14, ss.289-310.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin (2007), “Rethinking Democracy and Governance in the EU”, Journal of Academic Studies, S.9(32), ss.1-31.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin (2021), Uluslararası Güvenlik, Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türkiye, Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and ERDOĞAN, Selami (2006), “Postmodern Dönemde Kamu Yönetimi Algısı ve Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları”, Akademik Bakış: Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, S.9(1), ss.1-16.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and ÜNAL, Feyzullah (2013), “The Construction of National Identity in Modern Times: Theoretical Perspective”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, S.3(11), ss.223-232.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and SADA, Mohammed Rafiq (2021), Taliban’ın Afganistan’ı: Devlet, Toplum, Siyaset, Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • LARSON, Anna (2009), “Afghanistan's New Democratic Parties: A Means to Organise Democratization?”, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit: Briefing Paper Series (Ed. Emily Winterbotham, Jay Lamey), AREU Publications, Shahr-e Naw - Kabul (Afghanistan), ss.1-24, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/49c254a02.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • LARSON, Anna (2015), “Political Parties in Afghanistan”, United States Institute of Peace (Special Report), S.362, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR362-Political-Parties-in-Afghanistan.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE (2011), Political Parties in Afghanistan: A Review of the State of Political Parties after the 2009 and 2010 Elections, National Democratic Institute Publisher, Washington DC (US), https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/Afghanistan-political-parties-july-2011.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2019), “Burjuvazi ve Muhafazakâr Kimliğin Son Dönem Türkiye’sine Yansımaları”, OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, S.10(17), ss.1735-1751.
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2022a), Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Ekseninde Erdoğan Türkiye’si ve Putin Rusya’sı, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2022b), “Siyasi Parti Kapatmalarına Ulusal Güvenlik ve Demokrasi Açısından Tarihsel Bir Bakış”, Türkiye İçin Yeni Anaysa Vizyonu ve Yol Haritası (Ed. Ahmet Nohutçu), Savaş Yayınevi, Ankara, ss.231-251.
  • PELLICER, Miquel, WEGNER, Eva, BAYER, Markus and TISCHMEYER, Christian (2020), Clientelism from the Client’s Perspective: A Meta-Analysis of Ethnographic Literature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK).
  • RUTTIG, Thomas (2020), “Political Parties in Re-Registration”, Afghanistan Analysts Network Corporate Web Page (E-Article), 9 March 2020, https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/en/reports/political-landscape/political-parties-in-re-registration/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • TEIJGELER, Rene (2009), “Afghan Political Parties: A Short Outline”, International Security Assistance Force RC South, https://www.academia.edu/35977129/Afghan_Political_Parties_a_short_outline (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • WALDO, Dwight (1978), "Organization Theory: Revisiting the Elephant", Public Administration Review, S.38(6), ss.589-597.

Afgan Siyasi Partilerinin Seçim Performansı: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 289 - 300, 08.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1309424

Abstract

Bu makale Taliban yönetimi sonrası Afganistan’da iki Afgan siyasi partinin seçim performansını mukayeseli bir biçimde analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın referans çerçevesi, “Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan” (Afganistan İslam Toplumu) ve "Afghan Mellat” (Afganistan Sosyal Demokrat Partisi) partilerinin seçim başarılarına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma özü itibariyle temel, öğretici ve mukayeseli bir analizi bünyesinde barındırmakta ve nitel araştırma tekniği tatbik edilerek birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan edinilen verilere dayandırılmaktadır. Netice olarak araştırma söz konusu iki partinin tarihsel gelişimine temas ederek her iki partiyi yönetimleri, yapıları, kampanya stratejileri ve kayırma ilişkileri bakımından ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Mücahitler, yerel otoriterler ve güçlü seçmen desteğine sahip etnik liderle bağı olan siyasi partilerin seçim başarılarının daha fazla olduğu sonuca ulaşmaktadır. Bu bakımdan söz konusu güçlü bağlara sahip olan “Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan” (Afganistan İslam Toplumu) Partisi’nin bu irtibatlardan mahrum olan "Afghan Mellat” (Afganistan Sosyal Demokrat Partisi) Partisine göre daha avantajlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Zira Rus işgalcileri ülkeden kovan Mücahitlerin oluşturduğu kast sistemiyle kurulan yakın ilişkiler teşkilatlanmada kullanılabilecek zengin mali kaynaklar üzerinden sağlam bir zemin oluşturmakta ve partinin müstakbel başarısını garantiye alacak imkân ve kabiliyetleri teşkil etmektedir.

References

  • AFGHAN MELLAT (2021), “Well Known Figures of The Afghan Mellat”, Afghan Mellat Corporate Web Page, 29 March 2021, http://www.afghanmellat.org/well_known_fiqures.htm (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • AMIN, Shamsuddin (2019), “Democratization and Elections in Post-Conflict States: A Case Study of Afghanistan's Democratization and Electoral Processes”, Doctoral Thesis, The American University of Central Asia, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan).
  • FEFA - FREE AND FAIR ELECTION FORUM OF AFGHANISTAN ORGANIZATION (2019), “Parliament Profile Seventeenth Legislative Period”, FEFA Corporate Web Page (E-Document), https://dari.fefa.org.af/Home/Details?ps=318 (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • HALE, Henry E. (2005), "Why Not Parties? Electoral Markets, Party Substitutes, and Stalled Democratization in Russia", Comparative Politics, S.37(2), ss.147-166.
  • HAMİD, Tamim (2020), “Jamiat Leaders Feud, Intra-Party Tensions Rise”, TOLO News (E-Article), 04 July 2020, https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/jamiat-leaders-feud-intra-party-tensions-rise (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • HAVILAND, William A. (2002), Kültürel Antropoloji (Çev. Hüsamettin İnaç, Seda Çiftçi), Kaknüs Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • HICKEN, Allen (2011), "Clientelism", Annual Review of Political Science, S.14, ss.289-310.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin (2007), “Rethinking Democracy and Governance in the EU”, Journal of Academic Studies, S.9(32), ss.1-31.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin (2021), Uluslararası Güvenlik, Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türkiye, Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and ERDOĞAN, Selami (2006), “Postmodern Dönemde Kamu Yönetimi Algısı ve Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları”, Akademik Bakış: Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, S.9(1), ss.1-16.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and ÜNAL, Feyzullah (2013), “The Construction of National Identity in Modern Times: Theoretical Perspective”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, S.3(11), ss.223-232.
  • İNAÇ, Hüsamettin and SADA, Mohammed Rafiq (2021), Taliban’ın Afganistan’ı: Devlet, Toplum, Siyaset, Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • LARSON, Anna (2009), “Afghanistan's New Democratic Parties: A Means to Organise Democratization?”, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit: Briefing Paper Series (Ed. Emily Winterbotham, Jay Lamey), AREU Publications, Shahr-e Naw - Kabul (Afghanistan), ss.1-24, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/49c254a02.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • LARSON, Anna (2015), “Political Parties in Afghanistan”, United States Institute of Peace (Special Report), S.362, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR362-Political-Parties-in-Afghanistan.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE (2011), Political Parties in Afghanistan: A Review of the State of Political Parties after the 2009 and 2010 Elections, National Democratic Institute Publisher, Washington DC (US), https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/Afghanistan-political-parties-july-2011.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2019), “Burjuvazi ve Muhafazakâr Kimliğin Son Dönem Türkiye’sine Yansımaları”, OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, S.10(17), ss.1735-1751.
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2022a), Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Ekseninde Erdoğan Türkiye’si ve Putin Rusya’sı, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • ÖZKAN, Ahmet (2022b), “Siyasi Parti Kapatmalarına Ulusal Güvenlik ve Demokrasi Açısından Tarihsel Bir Bakış”, Türkiye İçin Yeni Anaysa Vizyonu ve Yol Haritası (Ed. Ahmet Nohutçu), Savaş Yayınevi, Ankara, ss.231-251.
  • PELLICER, Miquel, WEGNER, Eva, BAYER, Markus and TISCHMEYER, Christian (2020), Clientelism from the Client’s Perspective: A Meta-Analysis of Ethnographic Literature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK).
  • RUTTIG, Thomas (2020), “Political Parties in Re-Registration”, Afghanistan Analysts Network Corporate Web Page (E-Article), 9 March 2020, https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/en/reports/political-landscape/political-parties-in-re-registration/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • TEIJGELER, Rene (2009), “Afghan Political Parties: A Short Outline”, International Security Assistance Force RC South, https://www.academia.edu/35977129/Afghan_Political_Parties_a_short_outline (Date of Access: 03.08.2021).
  • WALDO, Dwight (1978), "Organization Theory: Revisiting the Elephant", Public Administration Review, S.38(6), ss.589-597.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Politics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüsamettin İnaç 0000-0002-6922-2010

Shugofa Muradi 0009-0002-0731-1322

Publication Date July 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnaç, H., & Muradi, S. (2023). The Electoral Performance of Afghan Political Parties: A Comparative Analysis. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 6(2), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1309424

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