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Discourse of Democratic Values in the Foreign Affairs of the European Union and its Criticism

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 127 - 157, 01.10.2020

Abstract

It is an undisputedly accepted fact for both the formal discourse of the European Union and wide intellectual circles that the normative values like peace, democracy, human rights, rule of law, and justice are the main building stones of the European unification process. Still, according to the formal discourse of the Union, particularly after the 1990s, the mentioned democratic values are the main criteria primarily considered in the common foreign, security, and defense policies of the Union and in determining the relations with the third countries. However, the situation in practice does not coincide with all these idealist discourses. Through analyzing both the military operations of the Union within the context of the Common Security and Defence Policy and the reactions of her towards the military coups in various countries, this study attempts to reveal the difference between discourse and practice.

References

  • AB Konseyi, “Barcelona Declaration Adopted at the Euro-Mediterranean Conference – 27-28/11/95”, 1995, https://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/policy/barcelona_declaration.pdf (04.07.2020).
  • AB Konseyi, Factsheet: ‘The EU and the Fight Against Terrorism’, (Brüksel: AB Konseyi, 2007).
  • AB Konseyi, European Security Strategy – A Secure Europe in a Better World (Brüksel: Konsey Genel Sekreterliği, 2009).
  • AB Konseyi, Council Conclusions on Egypt, 21 Ağustos (Brüksel: AB Konseyi, 2013).
  • Adler, Emmanuel. “Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics”, European Journal of International Relations 3, no. 3 (1997): 319-363.
  • Akacem, Mohammed. “The Role of External Actors in Algeria's Transition”, The Journal of North African Studies 9, no. 2 (2004): 153-168.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, A White Paper: European Social Policy – A Way Forward for the Union, COM (94) 333, (Brüksel: Avrupa Komisyonu, 1994).
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, Egypt – Country Strategy Paper 2007-2013 (Brüksel: Avrupa Komisyonu, 2007).
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu, Helsinki European Council 10 and 11 December 1999 Presidency Conclusions, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/hel1_en.htm (14.06. 2020).
  • Barclay, Glen St. J. “The European Union and the Maghreb: A Clash of Civilisations?”, Australia & World Affairs 25, no. 5 (1995): 5-17.
  • Boie, Hannah. Civilian Power – An Analysis of Euro-Mediterranean Relations (Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2009).
  • Borchardt, Klaus Dieter. The ABC of European Union Law (Lüksemburg: AB Yayın Ofisi, 2010).
  • Branche, Raphaël. “Torture and Other Violations of the Law by the French Army during the Algerian War”, Genocide, War Crimes & the West – History and Complicity, der. Adam jones (New York: Zed Books, 2004): 134-145.
  • Brosig, Malte. Cooperative Peacekeeping in Africa – Exploring Regime Complexity (Londra: Routledge, 2015).
  • Callamard, Agnès. “French Policy in Rwanda”, The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire – The Path of A Genocide, der. Howard Adelman ve Astri Suhrke (London: Routledge, 1999): 157-184.
  • Cavatorta, Francesco. “The Failed Liberalisation of Algeria and the International Context: A Legacy of Stable Authoritarianism”, The Journal of North African Studies 7, no. 4 (2002): 23-43.
  • Countrywatch, Central African Republic Country Review, 2020, www.countrywatch.com (28.06.2020).
  • Duchêne, François. “Europe’s Role in World Peace”, Europe Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead, der. Richard Mayne (Londra: Fontana, 1972).
  • Elkins, Caroline. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya (New York: Henry Hold and Company, 2005).
  • Gegout, Catherine. “Causes and Consequences of the EU's Military Intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Realist Explanation”, European Foreign Affairs Review 10 (2005): 427-443.
  • Gegout, Catherine. Why Europe Intervenes in Africa – Security, Prestige and the Legacy of Colonialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
  • Gomes, Sophie da Câmara Santa Clara. The European Union’s Political and Development Response to Rwanda, 2001, https://ecdpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/DP-27-European-Union-Political-Development-Response-Sudan-2001.pdf (10. 06. 2020).
  • Güney, Aylin ve Aslıhan Çelenk, “The European Union's Democracy PromotionPolicies in Algeria: Success or Failure?”, The Journal of North African Studies 12, no. 1 (2007): 63-80.
  • Habermas, Jürgen ve Jacques Derrida. “February 15, or, What Binds Europeans Together: Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in Core Europe”, Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe, der. Daniel Levy, Max Pensky ve John Torpey (Londra: Verso, 2005): 3-13.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “A Political Constitution for the Pluralist World Society?”, Journal of Chinese Philosophy 34, no. 3 (2007): 331-343.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “Democracy in Europe: Why the Development of the EU into a Transnational Democracy is Necessary and How It is Possible”, European Journal of Law 21, no. 4 (2015): 546-557.
  • Harnisch, Sebastian ve Hanns W. Maull, “Introduction”, Germany as a Civilian Power – The Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic, der. Sebastian Harnisch ve Hanns W. Maull (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001): 1-9.
  • Hendrickson, Ryan C., Jonathan R. Strand ve Kyle L. Raney, “Operation Artemis and Javier Solana: EU Prospect for a Stronger Common Foreign and Security Policy”, Canadian Military Journal 8, no. 1 (2007): 35-42.
  • Hobf, Ted. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security 23 (1998): 171-200.
  • Horne, Alistair. A Savage War for Peace: Algeria 1954-1962 (New York: New York Review Books Classics, 2006).
  • Houben, Marc. International Crisis Management – The Approach of European States (Londra: Routledge, 2005).
  • Hyde-Price, Adrian. “‘Normative’ Power Europe: A Realist Critique”, Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006): 217-234.
  • Jüneman, Annette. “Repercussions of the Emerging European Security and Defence Policy on the Civil Character of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership”, Euro-Mediterranean Relations After September 11, der. Annette jüneman (London: Frank Cass, 2004): 36-52.
  • Kagan, Robert. “Power and Weakness”, Policy Review 113 (2002): 3-28.
  • Kaldor, Mary. “The EU as a New Form of Political Authority: The Example of the Common Security and Defence Policy”, Global Policy 3, Ek 1 (2012): 79-86.
  • Kerstens, Paul. “’Deliver Us from Original Sin’: Belgian Apologies to Rwanda and the Congo”, The Age of Apology – Facing up to the Past, der. Mark Gibney et al. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvannia Press, 2008): 187-201.
  • Kirchner, Emil J. “The Challenge of European Union Security Governance”, Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 5 (2006): 947-968.
  • Larsen, Henrik. “The EU: A Global Military Actor?”, Cooperation and Conflict 37, no. 3 (2002): 283-302.
  • Latek, Marta. Briefing: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Experience - International Response and Regional Implications (Brüksel: Avrupa Parlamentosu Araştırma Birimi, 2013).
  • Lucarelli, Sonia. “EU foreign policy between telos and identity. A normative reading of the transatlantic divide”, the Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics: ‘Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diver-sity’, (2004).
  • Manners, Ian. “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 2 (2002): 235-258.
  • Manners, Ian. “European Union, Normative Power and Ethical Foreign Policy”, Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, Possibilities and Paradoxes, der. D. Chandler ve V. Heins (New York: Routledge, 2006a): 116-136.
  • Manners, Ian. “Normative Power Europe Reconsidered: Beyond the Crossroads”, Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006b): 182-199.
  • Mawdsley, Jocelyn. “The Arming of the European Union: Explaining the Armaments Dimension of European Security and Defence Policy”, Perspectives 22 (2004): 7-21. Norveç Nobel Komitesi, “The Nobel Peace Prize for 2012”, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2012/press-release/ (02. 06. 2020).
  • Novaky, Niklas. “From EUFOR to EUMAM: The European Union in the Central African Republic”, European Foreign Affairs Review 21, no. 1 (2016). Orbie, Jan. “Civilian Power Europe: Review of the Original and Current Debates”, Cooperation and Conflict 41, no. 1 (2006): 123-128.
  • Özer, Yonca. “The European Union as a Civilian Power: The Case of the EU’s Trade Policy”, Marmara Journal of European Studies 20, no. 2 (2012): 63-94.
  • Pace, Michelle. “Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: the Limits of EU Normative Power”, Democtatization 16, no. 1 (2009):39-58.
  • Peltner, Arndt. “Germany’s Role in Rwanda’s Genocide: See No Evil, Hear No Evil?”, 2015, https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-role-in-rwandas-genocide-see-no-evil-hear-no-evil/a-18522377, (13. 07. 2020).
  • Perruche, Jean-Paul. “For a European White Paper on Security and Defence”, Foundation Robert Schuman, 2015, https://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/european-issues/0360-for-a-european-white-paper-on-security-and-defence (29. 06. 2020).
  • Philippi, Nina. “Civilian Power and War: the German Debate about Out-of-Area Operations: 1990-1999”, Germany as a Civilian Power – The Foreign policy of the Berlin Republic, der. Sebastian Harnisch ve Hanns W. Maull (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001): 49-67.
  • Pinfari, Marco. “The EU, Egypt and Morsi’s Rise and Fall: ‘Strategic Patience’ and Its Discontents”, Mediterranean Politics 18, no. 3 (2013): 460-466. Pinto, Maria Do Céu. “European and American Responses to the Algerian Crisis”, Mediterranean Politics 3, no. 3 (1998).
  • Pridham, Geoffrey. “The European Union, Democratic Conditionality and Transnational Party Linkages: The Case of Eastern Europe”, Democracy Without Borders, der. Jean Grugel (London: Routledge, 1999).
  • Roberts, Hugh. “Dancing in the Dark: The European Union and the Algerian Drama”, Democratization 9, no. 1 (2002): 106-134.
  • Schemm, Paul. “Algeria Elections Failing to Inspire People”, The San Diego Union Tribune, 9 Mayıs 2012, https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-algeria-elections-failing-to-inspire-people-2012may09-story.html (15. 07. 2020).
  • Smith, Karen E. “The End of Civilian Power EU: A Welcome Demise or Cause for Concern?”, The International Spectator 35, no. 2 (2000): 11-28.
  • Smith, Karen E. “Beyond the Civilian Power EU Debate”, Politique Européenne 3, no. 17 (2005): 63-82.
  • Tardy, Thiery. “Does European Defence Really Matter? Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Common Security and Defence Policy”, European Security 27, no. 2 (2018): 119-137.
  • Wallis, Andrew. Silent Accomplice: The Untold Story of France's Role in the Rwandan Genocide (Londra, I.B. Tauris, 2006; Levy Muse, Report and Recommendation to the Government of Rwanda on the Role of French Officials in the Genocide Against the Tutsi, 11 Aralık (Washington: Cunningham Levy Muse LLP, 2017).
  • Welz, Martin. “Multi-actor Peace Operations and Inter-organizational Relations: Insights from the Central African Republic”, International Peacekeeping 23, n. 4 (2016): 568-591.

Avrupa Birliği’nin Dışişlerinde Demokratik Değerler Söylemi ve Eleştirisi

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 127 - 157, 01.10.2020

Abstract

Barış, demokrasi, insan hakları, hukukun üstünlüğü ve adalet gibi normatif değerlerin, Avrupa’daki bütünleşme sürecinin üzerine inşa edildiği temel yapı taşları oldukları hem Avrupa Birliği’nin resmi söyleminde hem de geniş bir entelektüel çevrede neredeyse tartışmasız kabul edilen bir olgudur. Yine Birliğin söylemine göre, söz konusu demokratik değerler, özellikle 1990’lardan itibaren Birliğin ortak dışişleri, güvenlik ve savunma politikalarında da, üçüncü ülkelerle ilişkilerini belirlemede de öncelikle dikkate alınan başlıca kriterlerdir. Oysaki uygulamadaki durum bu idealist söylemlerle örtüşmemektedir. Bir yandan AB’nin Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası kapsamında gerçekleştirdiği askeri operasyonlarını diğer yandan da çeşitli ülkelerde ortaya çıkan askeri darbelere yönelik tepkilerini analiz etmek suretiyle bu çalışma, söylemle uygulama arasındaki farkı ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

References

  • AB Konseyi, “Barcelona Declaration Adopted at the Euro-Mediterranean Conference – 27-28/11/95”, 1995, https://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/policy/barcelona_declaration.pdf (04.07.2020).
  • AB Konseyi, Factsheet: ‘The EU and the Fight Against Terrorism’, (Brüksel: AB Konseyi, 2007).
  • AB Konseyi, European Security Strategy – A Secure Europe in a Better World (Brüksel: Konsey Genel Sekreterliği, 2009).
  • AB Konseyi, Council Conclusions on Egypt, 21 Ağustos (Brüksel: AB Konseyi, 2013).
  • Adler, Emmanuel. “Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics”, European Journal of International Relations 3, no. 3 (1997): 319-363.
  • Akacem, Mohammed. “The Role of External Actors in Algeria's Transition”, The Journal of North African Studies 9, no. 2 (2004): 153-168.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, A White Paper: European Social Policy – A Way Forward for the Union, COM (94) 333, (Brüksel: Avrupa Komisyonu, 1994).
  • Avrupa Komisyonu, Egypt – Country Strategy Paper 2007-2013 (Brüksel: Avrupa Komisyonu, 2007).
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu, Helsinki European Council 10 and 11 December 1999 Presidency Conclusions, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/hel1_en.htm (14.06. 2020).
  • Barclay, Glen St. J. “The European Union and the Maghreb: A Clash of Civilisations?”, Australia & World Affairs 25, no. 5 (1995): 5-17.
  • Boie, Hannah. Civilian Power – An Analysis of Euro-Mediterranean Relations (Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2009).
  • Borchardt, Klaus Dieter. The ABC of European Union Law (Lüksemburg: AB Yayın Ofisi, 2010).
  • Branche, Raphaël. “Torture and Other Violations of the Law by the French Army during the Algerian War”, Genocide, War Crimes & the West – History and Complicity, der. Adam jones (New York: Zed Books, 2004): 134-145.
  • Brosig, Malte. Cooperative Peacekeeping in Africa – Exploring Regime Complexity (Londra: Routledge, 2015).
  • Callamard, Agnès. “French Policy in Rwanda”, The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire – The Path of A Genocide, der. Howard Adelman ve Astri Suhrke (London: Routledge, 1999): 157-184.
  • Cavatorta, Francesco. “The Failed Liberalisation of Algeria and the International Context: A Legacy of Stable Authoritarianism”, The Journal of North African Studies 7, no. 4 (2002): 23-43.
  • Countrywatch, Central African Republic Country Review, 2020, www.countrywatch.com (28.06.2020).
  • Duchêne, François. “Europe’s Role in World Peace”, Europe Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead, der. Richard Mayne (Londra: Fontana, 1972).
  • Elkins, Caroline. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya (New York: Henry Hold and Company, 2005).
  • Gegout, Catherine. “Causes and Consequences of the EU's Military Intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Realist Explanation”, European Foreign Affairs Review 10 (2005): 427-443.
  • Gegout, Catherine. Why Europe Intervenes in Africa – Security, Prestige and the Legacy of Colonialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
  • Gomes, Sophie da Câmara Santa Clara. The European Union’s Political and Development Response to Rwanda, 2001, https://ecdpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/DP-27-European-Union-Political-Development-Response-Sudan-2001.pdf (10. 06. 2020).
  • Güney, Aylin ve Aslıhan Çelenk, “The European Union's Democracy PromotionPolicies in Algeria: Success or Failure?”, The Journal of North African Studies 12, no. 1 (2007): 63-80.
  • Habermas, Jürgen ve Jacques Derrida. “February 15, or, What Binds Europeans Together: Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in Core Europe”, Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe, der. Daniel Levy, Max Pensky ve John Torpey (Londra: Verso, 2005): 3-13.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “A Political Constitution for the Pluralist World Society?”, Journal of Chinese Philosophy 34, no. 3 (2007): 331-343.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “Democracy in Europe: Why the Development of the EU into a Transnational Democracy is Necessary and How It is Possible”, European Journal of Law 21, no. 4 (2015): 546-557.
  • Harnisch, Sebastian ve Hanns W. Maull, “Introduction”, Germany as a Civilian Power – The Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic, der. Sebastian Harnisch ve Hanns W. Maull (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001): 1-9.
  • Hendrickson, Ryan C., Jonathan R. Strand ve Kyle L. Raney, “Operation Artemis and Javier Solana: EU Prospect for a Stronger Common Foreign and Security Policy”, Canadian Military Journal 8, no. 1 (2007): 35-42.
  • Hobf, Ted. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security 23 (1998): 171-200.
  • Horne, Alistair. A Savage War for Peace: Algeria 1954-1962 (New York: New York Review Books Classics, 2006).
  • Houben, Marc. International Crisis Management – The Approach of European States (Londra: Routledge, 2005).
  • Hyde-Price, Adrian. “‘Normative’ Power Europe: A Realist Critique”, Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006): 217-234.
  • Jüneman, Annette. “Repercussions of the Emerging European Security and Defence Policy on the Civil Character of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership”, Euro-Mediterranean Relations After September 11, der. Annette jüneman (London: Frank Cass, 2004): 36-52.
  • Kagan, Robert. “Power and Weakness”, Policy Review 113 (2002): 3-28.
  • Kaldor, Mary. “The EU as a New Form of Political Authority: The Example of the Common Security and Defence Policy”, Global Policy 3, Ek 1 (2012): 79-86.
  • Kerstens, Paul. “’Deliver Us from Original Sin’: Belgian Apologies to Rwanda and the Congo”, The Age of Apology – Facing up to the Past, der. Mark Gibney et al. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvannia Press, 2008): 187-201.
  • Kirchner, Emil J. “The Challenge of European Union Security Governance”, Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 5 (2006): 947-968.
  • Larsen, Henrik. “The EU: A Global Military Actor?”, Cooperation and Conflict 37, no. 3 (2002): 283-302.
  • Latek, Marta. Briefing: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Experience - International Response and Regional Implications (Brüksel: Avrupa Parlamentosu Araştırma Birimi, 2013).
  • Lucarelli, Sonia. “EU foreign policy between telos and identity. A normative reading of the transatlantic divide”, the Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics: ‘Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diver-sity’, (2004).
  • Manners, Ian. “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 2 (2002): 235-258.
  • Manners, Ian. “European Union, Normative Power and Ethical Foreign Policy”, Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, Possibilities and Paradoxes, der. D. Chandler ve V. Heins (New York: Routledge, 2006a): 116-136.
  • Manners, Ian. “Normative Power Europe Reconsidered: Beyond the Crossroads”, Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006b): 182-199.
  • Mawdsley, Jocelyn. “The Arming of the European Union: Explaining the Armaments Dimension of European Security and Defence Policy”, Perspectives 22 (2004): 7-21. Norveç Nobel Komitesi, “The Nobel Peace Prize for 2012”, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2012/press-release/ (02. 06. 2020).
  • Novaky, Niklas. “From EUFOR to EUMAM: The European Union in the Central African Republic”, European Foreign Affairs Review 21, no. 1 (2016). Orbie, Jan. “Civilian Power Europe: Review of the Original and Current Debates”, Cooperation and Conflict 41, no. 1 (2006): 123-128.
  • Özer, Yonca. “The European Union as a Civilian Power: The Case of the EU’s Trade Policy”, Marmara Journal of European Studies 20, no. 2 (2012): 63-94.
  • Pace, Michelle. “Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: the Limits of EU Normative Power”, Democtatization 16, no. 1 (2009):39-58.
  • Peltner, Arndt. “Germany’s Role in Rwanda’s Genocide: See No Evil, Hear No Evil?”, 2015, https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-role-in-rwandas-genocide-see-no-evil-hear-no-evil/a-18522377, (13. 07. 2020).
  • Perruche, Jean-Paul. “For a European White Paper on Security and Defence”, Foundation Robert Schuman, 2015, https://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/european-issues/0360-for-a-european-white-paper-on-security-and-defence (29. 06. 2020).
  • Philippi, Nina. “Civilian Power and War: the German Debate about Out-of-Area Operations: 1990-1999”, Germany as a Civilian Power – The Foreign policy of the Berlin Republic, der. Sebastian Harnisch ve Hanns W. Maull (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001): 49-67.
  • Pinfari, Marco. “The EU, Egypt and Morsi’s Rise and Fall: ‘Strategic Patience’ and Its Discontents”, Mediterranean Politics 18, no. 3 (2013): 460-466. Pinto, Maria Do Céu. “European and American Responses to the Algerian Crisis”, Mediterranean Politics 3, no. 3 (1998).
  • Pridham, Geoffrey. “The European Union, Democratic Conditionality and Transnational Party Linkages: The Case of Eastern Europe”, Democracy Without Borders, der. Jean Grugel (London: Routledge, 1999).
  • Roberts, Hugh. “Dancing in the Dark: The European Union and the Algerian Drama”, Democratization 9, no. 1 (2002): 106-134.
  • Schemm, Paul. “Algeria Elections Failing to Inspire People”, The San Diego Union Tribune, 9 Mayıs 2012, https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-algeria-elections-failing-to-inspire-people-2012may09-story.html (15. 07. 2020).
  • Smith, Karen E. “The End of Civilian Power EU: A Welcome Demise or Cause for Concern?”, The International Spectator 35, no. 2 (2000): 11-28.
  • Smith, Karen E. “Beyond the Civilian Power EU Debate”, Politique Européenne 3, no. 17 (2005): 63-82.
  • Tardy, Thiery. “Does European Defence Really Matter? Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Common Security and Defence Policy”, European Security 27, no. 2 (2018): 119-137.
  • Wallis, Andrew. Silent Accomplice: The Untold Story of France's Role in the Rwandan Genocide (Londra, I.B. Tauris, 2006; Levy Muse, Report and Recommendation to the Government of Rwanda on the Role of French Officials in the Genocide Against the Tutsi, 11 Aralık (Washington: Cunningham Levy Muse LLP, 2017).
  • Welz, Martin. “Multi-actor Peace Operations and Inter-organizational Relations: Insights from the Central African Republic”, International Peacekeeping 23, n. 4 (2016): 568-591.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hakan Samur 0000-0003-1980-9347

Publication Date October 1, 2020
Submission Date July 31, 2020
Acceptance Date September 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 5

Cite

Chicago Samur, Hakan. “Avrupa Birliği’nin Dışişlerinde Demokratik Değerler Söylemi Ve Eleştirisi”. International Journal of Politics and Security 2, no. 5 (October 2020): 127-57.

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