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Gemi Personelinin Emniyet İklimi Algısı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 01.07.2023

Abstract

ÖZ

Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı gemi personelinin emniyet iklimi algısını değerlendirmek ve emniyet iklimi algısının demografik özellikler ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Emniyet iklimi, emniyet kültürünün imajını temsil eden ve bireyin risk algısı, risk tutumları ve davranışları ile göreceli etkileşimi olan bir kavramdır. Emniyet bilincinin artırılması, bireysel risk tutum ve davranışları ile kişilerin farkındalığının geliştirilmesi, güvenlik ortamına yönelik kurumsal destek ve eğitimlerle mümkündür. Bu çalışmada Emniyet iklimi algısı, dört boyutu olan emniyet iletişimi, emniyet danışmanlığı, emniyet değerleri ve emniyet sistemleri alt boyutlarına göre ölçülmüştür.
Ayrıca, olumlu bir Emniyet İkliminin deniz kazalarını azaltmada ve etkin, verimli bir çalışma ortamının meydana gelmesinde etkili olacağı kıymetlendirilmektedir.

Tasarım/Yöntem:
Araştırma, Türkiye’deki farklı gemi tiplerinde çalışan gemi personeli üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş olup, araştırmaya gemilerde çalışan 120 denizci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler anket yöntemiyle toplanmış ve verilerin analiz edilebilmesi için ise, IBM SPSS 26 paket programı kullanılmıştır. İncelenen çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri sonucunda, araştırma verilerinin normal dağılıma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Emniyet iklimi ölçeğinin Cronbach’s Alpha değerlerinin 0,81 olduğu tespit edilmiş ve emniyet iklimi ölçeğinin güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Sonuçlar:
Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, gemi personelinin emniyet iklimi algısı, emniyet iletişimi, emniyet danışmanlığı, emniyet değerleri ve emniyet sistemleri boyutlarında 3,69 ile 3,94 arasında değişen yüksek ortalama puanlar almıştır. Bu sonuçlar, gemi personelinin emniyet iklimi konusunda yeterli bir farkındalığa sahip olduğunu ve personel tarafından yapılan tüm çalışmalarda emniyetin birinci öncelik olduğunu göstermektedir. Yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum ve eğitim durumlarına, gemi personelinin çalışma süresi ve pozisyonlarına göre emniyet iklimi ölçeğinden alınan puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ancak, gemi türüne göre yapılan analiz sonucunda, fabrika gemilerinde çalışan gemi personelinin diğer gemi türlerine göre daha düşük emniyet iklimi ortalaması puanına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Uygulama Çıkarımları:
Bu çalışma gemi personelinin emniyet iklimi algısını ölçerek, gemi operasyonlarının daha güvenli hale getirilmesine yönelik veri sağlamaktadır. Bu veriler gemi işletmecileri tarafından kullanılarak, gemide çalışan personelin emniyet iklimi algısını iyileştirmek için alınacak tedbirlerin belirlenmesi sürecine katkı sağlayabilir.

Özgün Değer:
Bu çalışma gemi operasyonlarının daha güvenli hale getirilmesine katkıda bulunmakta ve gemi personelinin emniyet iklimi algısının iyileştirilmesine yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.

Supporting Institution

KOCAELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

References

  • Berg, H. P. (2013). “Human Factors and Safety Culture in Maritime Safety” Transnav: the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, September, 7 (3): 343: 352.
  • Beus, HB ve Städler, M. (2010). Verwaltung'un önde gelen kurumlarıyla işbirliği içinde kurumsal bilgi teknolojisi staatlicher Nachhaltigkeit. VM Verwaltung & Management , 16 (2), 60-64.
  • Brondino, M., Pasini, M., & da Silva, S. C. A. (2013). Development and validation of an Integrated Organizational Safety Climate Questionnaire with multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. Quality & Quantity, 47, 2191-2223.
  • Charusalaipong, P., & Laobusnanant, P. (2002, March). HSE Management for E&P Supply Base. In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. OnePetro.
  • Chauvin, C. (2011). Human factors and maritime safety. The Journal of Navigation, 64(4), 625-632.
  • Cheyne, A., Cox, S., Oliver, A., & Tomás, J. M. (1998). Modelling safety climate in the prediction of levels of safety activity. Work & Stress, 12(3), 255-271.
  • Cooper, G. E., White, M.D., Lauber, J. K. (1980). Resource Management On The Flightdeck. Proceedings Of NASA/Industry Workshop (NASA CP-2120). MoffettField,CA : NASA-Ames Research Center
  • Cooper, D. M., & Phillips, R. A (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behaviour relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512.
  • Corovic, B. M., & Djurovic, P. (2013). Research of marine accidents through the prism of human factors. Promet-Traffic & Transportation, 25(4).
  • Fernández-Muñiz, B., Montes-Peón, J. M., & Vázquez-Ordás, C. J. (2007). Safety culture: Analysis of the causal relationships between its key dimensions. Journal of safety research, 38(6), 627-641.
  • Flin, Rhona, Mearns, Kathryn, O’Connor, Paul and Bryden, Robin (2000) Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34 (1), 177-192.
  • Fruhen, L. S., Flin, R., & Mearns, K. J.(2018). Safety climate and injury rates in a maritime setting: The role of organizational and individual factors. Safety Science, 101, 66-74.
  • Gkika, S., & Stylios, C. D. (2019). Safety climate in shipping: A review of the literature. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(2), 44.
  • Glendon, A., Stanton, N., 2000. Perspecemniyet kültürü ile ilgili bilgiler. Güvenlik Bilimi 23 (1–3), 193–214.
  • Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. and Tatham R.L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hofmann, DA ve Stetzer, A. (1998). Kaza yorumlamada emniyet iklimi ve iletişimin rolü: Olumsuz olaylardan öğrenmenin çıkarımları. Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi , 41 (6), 644-657.
  • Hv.K.K.lığı Uçuş ve Yer Emniyet Okul Komutanlığı, 1995. Kaza Önleme Ders Notu,S. 8, 2nci Ana Jet Üs Uçuş Eğitim Merkezi K.lığı, İzmir.
  • Kansoy, S. U., & Temel, N. N. Ç. (2023) Safety Clımate Perceptıon Of Cabın Attendants In Turkey: Sample Study For An Aırlıne Company. Journal Of Management And Economics Research, 21(1), 154-171.
  • Kayış, A. (2017) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. (Editör: Şeref Kalaycı). (8. Basım). Ankara: Dinamik Akademi.
  • Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, B., & Jiang, T. (2018). Investigation of Safety Culture and Safety Climate in Ship Navigation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 146.
  • Mallam, S. C., Ernstsen, J., & Nazir, S. (2019, November). Safety İn Shipping: İnvestigating Safety Climate İn Norwegian Maritime Workers. In Proceedings Of The Human Factors And Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 63, No. 1, Pp. 1844-1848). Sage Ca: Los Angeles, Ca: Sage Publications.
  • McDonald, N., Corrigan, S., Daly, C., & Cromie, S. (2000). Safety management systems and safety culture in aircraft maintenance organisations. Safety Science, 34(1-3), 151-176.
  • Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of applied psychology, 91(4), 946.
  • Nosov, P., Zinchenko, S., Popovych, I., Safonov, M., Palamarchuk, I., & Blakh, V. (2020). Decision support during the vessel control at the time of negative manifestation of human factor. In CMIS (pp. 12-26).
  • Nosov, PS, Popovych, IS, Cherniavskyi, VV, Zinchenko, SM, Prokopchuk, YA ve Makarchuk, DV (2020). Deniz taşımacılığında operatör beklentisinin otomatik olarak tanımlanması. Radyo Elektroniği, Bilgisayar Bilimi, Kontrol , (3), 158-172.
  • Oldenburg, M., Baur, X. ve Schlaich, C. (2010). Denizciliğin mesleki riskleri ve zorlukları. İş sağlığı dergisi , 52 (5), 249-256.
  • Patel, D. A., & Jha, K. N. (2015). Neural network model for the prediction of safe work behavior in construction projects. Journal of construction engineering and management, 141(1), 04014066.
  • Rothblum, E. D. (2000). Sexual orientation and sex in women's lives: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), 193-204.
  • Sadullah, Ö. ve Kanten, S. (2009). “A Research on The Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon The Safe Behaviors”, Ege Academic Review, 9(3): 923- 932.
  • Schröder-Hinrichs J-U (2010) Human and organizational factors in the maritime world—are we keeping up to speed? WMU J Marit Aff 9(1):1–3
  • Schröder-Hinrichs J-U, Baldauf M, Ghirxi KT (2012) Accident investigation reporting deficiencies related to organizational factors in machinery space fires and explosions. Accid Anal Prev 43 (5):1187–1196
  • Schröder-Hinrichs, J. U., Hollnagel, E., Baldauf, M., Hofmann, S., & Kataria, A. (2013). Maritime human factors and IMO policy. Maritime Policy & Management, 40(3), 243-260.
  • Sotiralis, P., Ventikos, N. P., Hamann, R., Golyshev, P., & Teixeira, A. P. (2016). Incorporation of human factors into ship collision risk models focusing on human centred design aspects. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 156, 210-227.
  • Taşlı, B. (2022). Measuring The Safety Of Navigation And Safety Awareness At Sea Of Turkish Straits System Fisherman.
  • Zhang, H., Wang, Y., & Qiu, J. (2019). Safety climate, safety behavior, and safety outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Research, 102, 299-311.
  • Zohar, D. (1980). Endüstriyel organizasyonlarda emniyet iklimi: teorik ve uygulamalı çıkarımlar. Uygulamalı psikoloji dergisi , 65 (1), 96.
  • Zohar, D., Livne, Y., Tenne-Gazit, O., Admi, H., & Donchin, Y. (2007). Sağlık ortamı: hasta güvenliğini ölçmek ve iyileştirmek için bir çerçeve. Kritik bakım tıbbı , 35 (5), 1312-1317.

A Study on the Safety Climate Perception of Ship Personnel

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 01.07.2023

Abstract

ABSTRACT (EXTENDED)

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety climate perception of the ship personnel and to examine the relationship between the safety climate perception and demographic characteristics. Safety climate is a concept that represents the image of safety culture and has a relative interaction with the individual's risk perception, risk attitudes and behaviors. Increasing safety awareness, improving individual risk attitudes and behaviors and awareness of people is possible with institutional support and training for the security environment. In this study, the perception of safety climate was measured according to the four dimensions of safety communication, safety consulting, safety values and safety systems.
In addition, past studies are appreciated that a positive Safety Climate will be effective in reducing marine accidents and creating an effective and productive working environment.

Design/methodology/approach:
The research was carried out on ship personnel working in different ship types in Turkey, and 120 seafarers working on ships participated in the research. In the research, data were collected by questionnaire method and IBM SPSS 26 package program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the skewness and kurtosis values examined, it was determined that the research data had a normal distribution. The Cronbach's Alpha values of the safety climate scale were found to be 0.81 and it was concluded that the safety climate scale was reliable.

Results:
According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, the ship personnel received high average scores ranging from 3.69 to 3.94 in the dimensions of safety climate perception, safety communication, safety consultancy, safety values and safety systems. These results show that the ship crew has sufficient awareness of the safety climate and that safety is the first priority in all work done by the crew. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores obtained from the safety climate scale according to age, gender, marital status and educational status, working time and positions of the ship personnel. However, as a result of the analysis made according to the ship type, it was determined that the ship personnel working on the factory ships had a lower safety climate average score than the other ship types.

Practical implications:
This study provides data for making ship operations safer by measuring the safety climate perception of ship personnel. These data can be used by ship operators to contribute to the process of determining the measures to be taken to improve the safety climate perception of the personnel working on the ship.

Originality/value:
This study contributes to making ship operations safer and helps to develop policies to improve the safety climate perception of ship personnel.

References

  • Berg, H. P. (2013). “Human Factors and Safety Culture in Maritime Safety” Transnav: the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, September, 7 (3): 343: 352.
  • Beus, HB ve Städler, M. (2010). Verwaltung'un önde gelen kurumlarıyla işbirliği içinde kurumsal bilgi teknolojisi staatlicher Nachhaltigkeit. VM Verwaltung & Management , 16 (2), 60-64.
  • Brondino, M., Pasini, M., & da Silva, S. C. A. (2013). Development and validation of an Integrated Organizational Safety Climate Questionnaire with multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. Quality & Quantity, 47, 2191-2223.
  • Charusalaipong, P., & Laobusnanant, P. (2002, March). HSE Management for E&P Supply Base. In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. OnePetro.
  • Chauvin, C. (2011). Human factors and maritime safety. The Journal of Navigation, 64(4), 625-632.
  • Cheyne, A., Cox, S., Oliver, A., & Tomás, J. M. (1998). Modelling safety climate in the prediction of levels of safety activity. Work & Stress, 12(3), 255-271.
  • Cooper, G. E., White, M.D., Lauber, J. K. (1980). Resource Management On The Flightdeck. Proceedings Of NASA/Industry Workshop (NASA CP-2120). MoffettField,CA : NASA-Ames Research Center
  • Cooper, D. M., & Phillips, R. A (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behaviour relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512.
  • Corovic, B. M., & Djurovic, P. (2013). Research of marine accidents through the prism of human factors. Promet-Traffic & Transportation, 25(4).
  • Fernández-Muñiz, B., Montes-Peón, J. M., & Vázquez-Ordás, C. J. (2007). Safety culture: Analysis of the causal relationships between its key dimensions. Journal of safety research, 38(6), 627-641.
  • Flin, Rhona, Mearns, Kathryn, O’Connor, Paul and Bryden, Robin (2000) Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34 (1), 177-192.
  • Fruhen, L. S., Flin, R., & Mearns, K. J.(2018). Safety climate and injury rates in a maritime setting: The role of organizational and individual factors. Safety Science, 101, 66-74.
  • Gkika, S., & Stylios, C. D. (2019). Safety climate in shipping: A review of the literature. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(2), 44.
  • Glendon, A., Stanton, N., 2000. Perspecemniyet kültürü ile ilgili bilgiler. Güvenlik Bilimi 23 (1–3), 193–214.
  • Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. and Tatham R.L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hofmann, DA ve Stetzer, A. (1998). Kaza yorumlamada emniyet iklimi ve iletişimin rolü: Olumsuz olaylardan öğrenmenin çıkarımları. Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi , 41 (6), 644-657.
  • Hv.K.K.lığı Uçuş ve Yer Emniyet Okul Komutanlığı, 1995. Kaza Önleme Ders Notu,S. 8, 2nci Ana Jet Üs Uçuş Eğitim Merkezi K.lığı, İzmir.
  • Kansoy, S. U., & Temel, N. N. Ç. (2023) Safety Clımate Perceptıon Of Cabın Attendants In Turkey: Sample Study For An Aırlıne Company. Journal Of Management And Economics Research, 21(1), 154-171.
  • Kayış, A. (2017) SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. (Editör: Şeref Kalaycı). (8. Basım). Ankara: Dinamik Akademi.
  • Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, B., & Jiang, T. (2018). Investigation of Safety Culture and Safety Climate in Ship Navigation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 146.
  • Mallam, S. C., Ernstsen, J., & Nazir, S. (2019, November). Safety İn Shipping: İnvestigating Safety Climate İn Norwegian Maritime Workers. In Proceedings Of The Human Factors And Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 63, No. 1, Pp. 1844-1848). Sage Ca: Los Angeles, Ca: Sage Publications.
  • McDonald, N., Corrigan, S., Daly, C., & Cromie, S. (2000). Safety management systems and safety culture in aircraft maintenance organisations. Safety Science, 34(1-3), 151-176.
  • Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of applied psychology, 91(4), 946.
  • Nosov, P., Zinchenko, S., Popovych, I., Safonov, M., Palamarchuk, I., & Blakh, V. (2020). Decision support during the vessel control at the time of negative manifestation of human factor. In CMIS (pp. 12-26).
  • Nosov, PS, Popovych, IS, Cherniavskyi, VV, Zinchenko, SM, Prokopchuk, YA ve Makarchuk, DV (2020). Deniz taşımacılığında operatör beklentisinin otomatik olarak tanımlanması. Radyo Elektroniği, Bilgisayar Bilimi, Kontrol , (3), 158-172.
  • Oldenburg, M., Baur, X. ve Schlaich, C. (2010). Denizciliğin mesleki riskleri ve zorlukları. İş sağlığı dergisi , 52 (5), 249-256.
  • Patel, D. A., & Jha, K. N. (2015). Neural network model for the prediction of safe work behavior in construction projects. Journal of construction engineering and management, 141(1), 04014066.
  • Rothblum, E. D. (2000). Sexual orientation and sex in women's lives: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), 193-204.
  • Sadullah, Ö. ve Kanten, S. (2009). “A Research on The Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon The Safe Behaviors”, Ege Academic Review, 9(3): 923- 932.
  • Schröder-Hinrichs J-U (2010) Human and organizational factors in the maritime world—are we keeping up to speed? WMU J Marit Aff 9(1):1–3
  • Schröder-Hinrichs J-U, Baldauf M, Ghirxi KT (2012) Accident investigation reporting deficiencies related to organizational factors in machinery space fires and explosions. Accid Anal Prev 43 (5):1187–1196
  • Schröder-Hinrichs, J. U., Hollnagel, E., Baldauf, M., Hofmann, S., & Kataria, A. (2013). Maritime human factors and IMO policy. Maritime Policy & Management, 40(3), 243-260.
  • Sotiralis, P., Ventikos, N. P., Hamann, R., Golyshev, P., & Teixeira, A. P. (2016). Incorporation of human factors into ship collision risk models focusing on human centred design aspects. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 156, 210-227.
  • Taşlı, B. (2022). Measuring The Safety Of Navigation And Safety Awareness At Sea Of Turkish Straits System Fisherman.
  • Zhang, H., Wang, Y., & Qiu, J. (2019). Safety climate, safety behavior, and safety outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Research, 102, 299-311.
  • Zohar, D. (1980). Endüstriyel organizasyonlarda emniyet iklimi: teorik ve uygulamalı çıkarımlar. Uygulamalı psikoloji dergisi , 65 (1), 96.
  • Zohar, D., Livne, Y., Tenne-Gazit, O., Admi, H., & Donchin, Y. (2007). Sağlık ortamı: hasta güvenliğini ölçmek ve iyileştirmek için bir çerçeve. Kritik bakım tıbbı , 35 (5), 1312-1317.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gönül Kaya Özbağ 0009-0005-4296-9244

Ozan Hikmet Arıcan 0009-0005-4296-9244

Orhan Aydın 0009-0005-4296-9244

Publication Date July 1, 2023
Acceptance Date July 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya Özbağ, G., Arıcan, O. H., & Aydın, O. (2023). Gemi Personelinin Emniyet İklimi Algısı Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İş’te Davranış Dergisi, 8(1), 19-35.

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