Journal of General Turkish History Research

Abstract

The emergence of the Sakha nation is accepted by historians today as a manifestation of Mongol oppression. According to the legends, the ancestors of the Sahas are stated as Omogay-Bay and Elley. The Omogay-Bay and Elley groups settled in the middle stream of the Lena River, in the Erkeney and Tüymada valleys. Nams as a continuation of Omogay-Bay and Kangalas as a continuation of Elley are accepted. In particular, the Turkish presence in the region is associated with the Kangalas tribe. It is a common view that the Nam tribe was formed as a result of Turkish-Mongolian ethnogenesis. The fact that the Kangalas are the most populous tribe among the Sakhas is closely related to the domination of other ethnic groups by the Uruks, who left after the Russian occupation. Adapting quickly to new living conditions in an unknown geography, Sahalar became experts in a short time with their old knowledge in vital areas such as cattle breeding, fishing and hunting. Scientists define this cultural circle as the Pastoral Arctic Civilization. Since the second quarter of the XVII century, the regions where the Sakha are located are the middle and upper streams of the Lena, the lower reaches of the Yana and Olekma rivers, the Vilyu, Zjigan, Molodi and Omyakon regions. In the 1620s, when the Russians came to the region, and in the 1630s, when they began to settle, the Sakhas were living in tribes along the river routes. With the dominance of the Sakha Turks in the Yakut region, the Tungusic groups residing in the region retreated to the mountain-taiga regions. The fact that the Russian power became the dominant element in the Middle Lena basin caused all ethnic groups living in the region to move and thus a new wave of migration. As a result of the Tungus-Sakha struggle that took place shortly before the Russian occupation, the length borders and spheres of influence that became unclear with the migration of local communities became more complicated with the second wave of migration. This uncertainty has led to the emergence of new tribes. According to the information given by the Russian sources, the names of six Sakha tribes are mentioned in the middle flow of the Lena river. The existence of new tribes, such as Bayagantay and Dupsin, which were not mentioned in the following centuries, can be explained by this migration wave. The lands where the sites live today include the region starting from the skirts of the Sayan Mountains, from the Angara River to the upper stream of the Lena River. The different theories discussed about the origins of the sites help us to determine their historical geographies. It is the most accepted southern origin theory about the origin of the fields. Scholars who defend this accept that the Sahas lived between the south of Lake Baikal and the Angara River in the early period and came to the Lena basin from there. In the north, between the Indirgka and Kolim rivers are the lands inhabited by Tunguses and Yukagirs. Tunguses and Sakhas lived at the confluence of the Lena and Olenk rivers. In the legends of the sites, it is understood that it was previously adjacent to the Buryats and Mongols to the west of Lake Baikal with the upstream of the Lena River. According to the legend, as a result of the war between the tribes, the Sakhas left these lands and came to the middle stream of the Lena River and drove the Tunguses who settled here. When they encountered the Russian Cossacks, they were residing in the area where they are settled today. In the face of the atrocities of the Russian-Cossacks, the Sakha Turks attempted several unsuccessful uprisings in the 1630-40s. However, as they could not achieve a result, they had to retreat further north. The fields passed to the Tungus region in the north, and from there they descended further north to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Thus, the geography where the Sakhas lived expanded from the south of the Lena River to the Arctic Ocean, from Anabara in the west to Pensin Bay in the eas