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New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia

Year 2021, Volume: 21, 1 - 45, 15.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.878855

Abstract

This paper introduces two new Greek inscriptions from Asarcık, the ancient name of which can now securely be acknowledged as Aloanda, in western Lycia. Inscription no.1 documents the foundation of a certain Pokomas, son of Ermedepimis, dating from the Hellenistic period. The nature of Pokomas’ foundation is not entirely clear as the text is not fully preserved, but we read in the remaining parts of the text inscribed on four sides of the block that every year 5 brabeutai shall be elected and handed over a certain amount of money. It can be assumed that these brabeutai were responsible for the organisation of annual sacrifices, from which Pokomas and after Pokomas’ death his descendants were to receive an honorary share, and feasts mentioned on Face C. It is possible that Pokomas’ foundation also included an agon as can be inferred from several hints in the text. Pokomas was apparently a prominent figure and benefactor at Aloanda, which is indicated by the proclamation in the potos that Pokomas is crowned by the demos of Aloandeans with a wreath of olive branch. This proclamation also indicates that Pokomas’ foundation had public benefit, and therefore, even though the scale or the context of the sacrificial festivities to be held under Pokomas’ foundation is not clarified in the preserved text, it is possible that these were public events. Yet, alongside this public benefit, Pokomas may explicitly have founded these events or rituals for the commemoration of himself and his family in eternity. Inscription no. 2 is the epitaph of a certain Trokondas, son of Apollonios, set up by his father, his wife and children, also dating from the Hellenistic period.

Supporting Institution

Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Koç University – Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilisations

Project Number

Akdeniz University SBA-2016-1675 and SBA-2019-4823

Thanks

This work has been completed in collaboration with Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik of DAI in Munich, within the same project. We are deeply grateful to Prof. Christof Schuler, Prof. Michael Wörrle, Prof. Denis Rousset, Prof. Kaja Harter-Uibopuu and Prof. Robert Parker for their valuable remarks on the discussions in this contribution.

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Aloanda’dan (Lykia) Yeni Yazıtlar

Year 2021, Volume: 21, 1 - 45, 15.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.878855

Abstract

Bu makale Lykia’da yer alan Asarcık’ta bulunmuş iki yeni Eski Yunanca yazıtı tanıtmaktadır. Söz konusu yazıtlar sayesinde Asarcık’ın antik dönemdeki adının Aloanda olduğu kesinlik kazanmıştır. 1 numaralı yazıtta, Ermedepimis oğlu Pokomas adında bir şahsın Hellenistik Dönem’de kurduğu bir vakıf kaydedilmiştir. Yazıt bütün olarak günümüze ulaşamamış olduğundan, Pokomas’ın vakfının içeriği net olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. Ancak yazıtın kalan kısımlarında, her yıl 5 adet brabeutes’in seçilmesi ve bunlara para aktarılması gerektiği yer almaktadır. Söz konusu brabeutes’lerin, C yüzünde bahsi geçen ve Pokomas’a, onun ölümünden sonra ise, Pokomas’ın soyundan gelen kimselere bu kurbanlardan onur payı verilecek olan kurban törenleri ve ziyafetlerden sorumlu oldukları düşünülebilir. Metindeki bazı ipuçları, Pokomas’ın vakfı kapsamında agon’ların da organize edildiği ihtimalini ortaya koymaktadır. Potos (içme şöleni) esnasında Aloanda halk meclisinin Pokomas’ı taçlandırdığı şeklinde duyuru yapılması, Pokomas’ın Aloanda’da önde gelen bir kişi ve bir hayırsever olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu duyuru, aynı zamanda, vakfın bir kamu yararı içerdiğine de işaret etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, vakıf kapsamında düzenlenen kurban törenleri ve ziyafetlerin çapı ve kapsamı metnin elimizde kalan kısımlarında açıklığa kavuşturulmasa da bunların halka açık etkinlikler olması olasıdır. Ancak bu kamu yararının yanı sıra, Pokomas’ın adı geçen ritüel ya da etkinlikleri kendinin ve ailesinin ölümlerinden sonra sonsuza kadar anılması amacıyla başlatmış olması da mümkündür. 2 numaralı yazıt, Apollonios oğlu Trokondas adlı bir şahsın anısı için, babası, eşi ve çocuklarının yaptırdığı mezar yazıtıdır. Yazıtların çevirileri şöyledir:
Nr. 1: “... Her bir yıl için beş tane brabeutes [seçsinler] ve yukarıda yazıldığı şekilde parayı onlara devretsinler. Eğer (brabeutes’leri) seçmezler ya da (parayı) devretmezlerse, devretmedikleri miktarın 1,5 katı kadar borçlu olsunlar ve yukarıda yazıldığı şekilde kendilerine karşı cezai işlem uygulanarak, borçlu oldukları para onlardan tahsil edilsin.
Tütsüyü yakarken içki şöleni esnasında şöyle ilan etsinler: “Aloandalıların halk meclisi Pokomas’ı zeytin dalından bir taçla taçlandırıyor”; eğer Aloanda’da hazır bulunuyor iseler, Pokomas’ın akrabalarından üç adamı ziyafete davet etsinler; Pokomas’a yaşadığı sürece kurban edilen hayvanlardan bir tane arka bacak (?) budu versinler; Pokomas öldükten sonra, (bunu) çocuklarına, ama her zaman daha büyük olana versinler; çocuklar da öldükten sonra, en yakın akrabalarına versinler. Brabeutes’ler, içki şöleni için kendilerine ayırmak üzere (?) her yıl on drakhme alsınlar. Savaş nedeniyle kurbanları belirlenen zamanda yerine getiremezlerse, [bir sonraki] yıl geçen yılın borçlu kalınan (kurbanını) da yukarıda yazıldığı üzere yerine getireceklerdir. Tüm [geliri] tamamen kurbanlara ve şölenlere harcasınlar; eğer herhangi bir miktar artarsa, onu başka hiçbir şeye değil, [bir sonraki şenliğe] ayırsınlar; eğer bu (kuralları) hiçe sayarlarsa, kurban törenini [gerçekleştirmezlerse] ve (Pokomas’ın) vasiyetindeki diğer işleri yapmazlarsa, Aloandalıların halk meclisine ceza olarak bin drakhme ödesinler ve [isteyen herkes] (cezanın) [yarısı/üçte biri ? oranında] (bir ödül karşılığında) onları dava etmeye yetkili olsun ... para ... [Po]komas’ın ... Po[kom]as ... eğer yok ederlerse, [Pokom]as ya da onun varisleri tarafından, (suçlulardan), (bunların) birinden, birden fazlasından veya hepsinden [ceza olarak borçlu oldukları para tahsil edilsin] ...”

Nr. 2: “Apollonios oğlu, Aloandalı Apollonios, oğlu Trokondas için; Ermoas kızı Apa (?), eşi için; Trokondas’ın çocukları Mis ve Apollonios babaları Trokondas için (bu mezarı yaptırdılar).”

Project Number

Akdeniz University SBA-2016-1675 and SBA-2019-4823

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  • N. E. Akyürek Şahin – H. Uzunoğlu, Neue Inschriften aus dem phrygischen Hochland, Gephyra 21, 2021, 175-195.
  • I. Arnaoutoglou, Ancient Greek laws: A sourcebook, London/New York 2008.
  • I. Arnaoutoglou, Cultural transfer and law in Hellenistic Lycia: the case of Symmasis’ foundation, in: B. Legras (ed.), Transferts culturels et droits dans le monde grec et hellénistique (Actes du colloque international, Reims, 14-17 mai 2008), Paris 2012, 205-214.
  • J.-B. Balzat, Names in EPM- in Southern Asia Minor. A Contribution to the Cultural History of Ancient Lycia, Chiron 44, 2014, 253-284.
  • P. Baker – G. Thériault, Un temple d’Apollon Phoibos dans la kômè de Xanthos. Au sujet de quelques inscriptions découvertes à Aklar-Asarcık, in: M. Zimmermann (ed.), Das Xanthostal Lykiens in archaisch-klassischer Zeit. Eine archäologisch-historische Bestandsaufnahme, Göttingen 2020, 154-165.
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  • J.-M. Carbon, A Network of Hearths: Honors, Sacrificial Shares, and ‘Traveling Meat,’ in: F. van den Eijnde – J.H. Blok – R. Strootman (eds.), Feasting and Polis Institutions Leiden/Boston 2018, 340-375.
  • L. Cavalier – J. des Courtils, Une komè dans le territoire de Xanthos, in: M. Zimmermann (ed.), Das Xanthostal Lykiens in archaisch-klassischer Zeit. Eine archäologisch-historische Bestandsaufnahme, Göttingen, 2020, 141-153.
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  • A. Chaniotis, Sich selbst feiern? Städtische Feste des Hellenismus im Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik, in: M. Wörrle – P. Zanker (eds.), Stadtbild und Bürgerbild im Hellenismus. Kolloquium, München, 24. bis 26. Juni 1993, Munich 1995, 147-172.
  • A. Chaniotis, Der Kaiserkult im Osten des römischen Reiches im Kontext der zeitgenossischen Ritualpraxis, in: H. Cancik – K. Hitzl (eds.), Die Praxis der Herrschaftsverehrung in Rom und seinen Provinzen, Tübingen 2003, 3-28
  • T. Corsten, Die Grabinschrift des Priesters Albasis in Myra, Adalya 11, 2008, 99-107.
  • G. Cousin – G. Deschamps, Emplacement et ruines de la ville de Kys en Carie, BCH 11, 1, 1887, 305-311.
  • E. Culasso Gastaldi – Ch. Samitz, Un decreto dalla Licia (Antiphellos) a Lemnos: la riscoperta di una pietra errante, Historika 9, 2019, 157-192.
  • G. Davies, Greek Inscriptions from Lycia, JHS 15, 1895, 100-115.
  • C. Doyen, An Athenian Decree Revisited, CHS Res. Bull. 4, 1, 2015, <http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:doyenc.an_athenian_decree_revisited.2016>, accessed on 10th June, 2020.
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  • D. Erdas, What laws applied to guarantors? Epigraphic evidence for legal procedure affecting personal security in Athens and beyond, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (Serie 5) 10/2, 2018, 333-357.
  • P. Gauthier – M. B. Hatzopoulos, La loi gymnasiarchique de Beroia, Athens; Paris 1993.
  • F. T. Gignac, A Grammar of the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods. Vol I: Phonology, Milan 1976.
  • F. T. Gignac, A Grammar of the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods. Vol II: Morphology, Milan 1981.
  • M. Gronewald – D. Hagedorn, Eine Orakelbitte aus ptolemäischer Zeit, ZPE 41, 1981, 289-293.
  • M. Hallmannsecker, News from the Xenoi Tekmoreioi, Philia 4, 2018, 67-73.
  • E. M. Harris, Two Notes on Legal Inscriptions, ZPE 167, 2008, 81-84.
  • A. R. W. Harrison, The Law of Athens: The Family and Property, Oxford 1968.
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There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Onur 0000-0002-8568-0222

Selen Kılıç-aslan This is me 0000-0002-1921-5971

Project Number Akdeniz University SBA-2016-1675 and SBA-2019-4823
Publication Date May 15, 2021
Submission Date February 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 21

Cite

APA Onur, F., & Kılıç-aslan, S. (2021). New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia. Gephyra, 21, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.878855
AMA Onur F, Kılıç-aslan S. New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia. GEPHYRA. May 2021;21:1-45. doi:10.37095/gephyra.878855
Chicago Onur, Fatih, and Selen Kılıç-aslan. “New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia”. Gephyra 21, May (May 2021): 1-45. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.878855.
EndNote Onur F, Kılıç-aslan S (May 1, 2021) New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia. Gephyra 21 1–45.
IEEE F. Onur and S. Kılıç-aslan, “New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia”, GEPHYRA, vol. 21, pp. 1–45, 2021, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.878855.
ISNAD Onur, Fatih - Kılıç-aslan, Selen. “New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia”. Gephyra 21 (May 2021), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.878855.
JAMA Onur F, Kılıç-aslan S. New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia. GEPHYRA. 2021;21:1–45.
MLA Onur, Fatih and Selen Kılıç-aslan. “New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia”. Gephyra, vol. 21, 2021, pp. 1-45, doi:10.37095/gephyra.878855.
Vancouver Onur F, Kılıç-aslan S. New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia. GEPHYRA. 2021;21:1-45.